塔里木盆地裸地潜水蒸发计算模型  

Models for calculating phreatic evaporation from bare soil in Tarim Basin

作　　者：张永明[1] 胡顺军[2] 翟禄新[3] 沈冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水电学院,西安710048 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第1期27-32,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40771043、40471020);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-XB2-03-02、KZCX3-SW-342);新疆维吾尔自治区科技攻关重大专项(200731137-3)

摘　　要：为了研究潜水蒸发规律,提高对极限蒸发强度和极限埋深等关键问题的认识,本研究根据中国科学院阿克苏水平衡试验站1990年至1996年裸地潜水蒸发及水面蒸发资料,通过分析潜水蒸发计算模型的控制条件,建立了新的潜水蒸发计算模型。研究结果表明:所建立的模型符合控制条件,对于给定的潜水埋深,潜水蒸发强度随水面蒸发强度的增大而非线性增加,当水面蒸发强度趋于无穷大时,潜水蒸发强度应趋近于潜水极限蒸发强度;潜水蒸发极限埋深在理论上不存在。本文建立的裸地潜水蒸发计算模型结构合理,克服了当大气蒸发力较大时过高估计潜水蒸发量、潜水蒸发随水面蒸发的增大而线性增加的缺点。模型计算精度较高,可供相似地区参考使用。This paper is designed to study the laws ofphreatic evaporation and improve the understanding to the ultimate rate and depth of phreatic evaporation. By analyzing the control conditions for establishing empirical formulae of phreatic evaporation, the calculation models for calculating the phreatic evaporation from bare land have been developed, which was based on the experimental data of phreatic evaporation on bare land at the Akesu Water Balance Experimental Station in Tarim Basin from 1990 to 1996. The results show that （1） developed calculation models are accord with the control conditions; （2） as for a given depth of groundwater table, the relation of phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation is nonlinear and the phreatic evaporation is close to the ultimate rate when water surface evaporation reaches the infinity great; （3） the threshold of groundwater depth doesn＇t exist theoretically. With the reasonable construction, these models overcome the shortcomings that the phreatic evaporation is overestimated when atmosphere evaporation capacity is higher, and the phreatic evaporation increases linearly along with the water surface evaporation increases. The test results show that the calculation accuracy of the models is high and it can be applied to calculate phreatic evaporation in similar regions.

关 键 词：潜水 蒸发 计算模型 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]