水垫塘三元流态及消能特征的数值和实验研究  

COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE 3-D FLOW FEATURE AND ENERGY DISSIPATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PLUNGE POOLS 1)

作　　者：许唯临[1] 廖华胜[1] 杨永全[1] 吴持恭[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川联合大学高速水力学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《力学学报》1998年第1期35-42,共8页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：采用数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法对水利工程中高拱坝泄洪水垫塘三元流场进行研究．获得了详细的流态特征，得到了水垫塘三元典型流态概化图．研究了水垫塘消能特性，并据此将塘内水体划分为剪切消能区、撞击消能区和混掺消能区．计算和实验所得的速度场及底板最大冲击动压相比较，二者基本一致．Investigating the flow field of plunge pool is the bas is of studing the energy dissipation problem in plunge pool. However, the flow features in plunge pool have not been understood fully up to now. Not only little has been obtained for the numerical simulation (especially the 3-D numerical simulation), but the 3-D flow field has not been measured in physical model. In fact, it is the combination of numerical and experimental methods that is effective in the research of such complicated flow as in plunge pool. In this paper, the 3-D flow field of the plunge pool in hydraulic engineering is investigated by combining the mumerical simulation and experimental measurement. The detailed flow feature and typical pattern of the 3-D flow field are obtained. The energy dissipation characteristics is studied. The water body in the plunge pool is divided into three regions, i.e. shear dissipation region, impact dissipation region and mixing dissipation region. The way of the optimization of plunge pool and dam outlets should be: expanding the range of the shear dissipation region (e.g. dispersing the nappes), reducing the impact intensity in the impact dissipation region (e.g. forming moving water cushion), and making use of the water body in the mixing dissipation region as much as possible. The computational and experimental velocity field and the maximum pressure on the bottom of the plunge pool are compared and are in agreement.

关 键 词：水垫塘 流态 消能特征 三元流态 数值模拟 泄洪 

分 类 号：TV65[水利工程—水利水电工程]