人文关怀的历史反思  

A Historical Reflection of Humanistic Concerns

作　　者：黄万盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈佛大学燕京学社

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2009年第1期1-8,共8页Modern University Education

摘　　要：现在,全球化已经把资本主义的生产方式、生活方式和消费方式带到了世界各地,人文关怀正在大学中消失。从人文关怀的历史谱系来来看,在西方,经历了希腊前苏格拉底哲学时代,苏格拉底、柏拉图时代和海德格尔提出的"回到前苏格拉底时代,倾听存在的声音"阶段。而在中国,则一直是从"天人合一"、一直在人的凡俗存在当中,同时又具有最大的向善的可能性这个向度上来了解人文关怀。人文关怀的现实状况如何,首先是看政治制度化方面,民主政治就是一人一票、多数决定。有很多政治学家就此质疑:怎样去抵制多数的暴政?换言之,人文关怀的终极本质跟多数是不是一定有关系?再看经济制度方面,问题更为严重。对于市场可能做恶这一点,估计得太乐观。就市场而言,第一,它一定导致投机。第二,市场对非利润的生产完全没有兴趣。第三,市场一定导致垄断。市场本身有它不可消解的缺陷。所以我们现在面对的问题就是如何把人文关怀的核心问题提出来,然后看除了humannature之外整个大的传统究竟给人文观念的关怀能够增加什么核心价值,尤其是中国的伟大传统如何给人类以新的贡献。Globalization spread the capitalist means of production, of life and of consumption to every corner of the world, and therefore humanistic concerns are disappearing gradually from the university. In the genealogical perspective, humanistic concerns, originated from the pre-Socratic times, through Socratic and Aristotelean times and to the Heideggerian times of 'returning the pre-Socratic times and listening to the voice of existence', in the West; while in China, humanistic concerns were always embedded in the philosophy of 'oneness of nature and man', and in the common everyday ideations of man, and at the same time, reached at the dimension of the greatest probability of man approaching kindness. Humanistic concerns are now confronted with contemporary realities. In terms of institutions, democratic politics means one person voting one bill and the majority making the decision; therefore, one problem appeared that sent scientists of politics into longtime thinking, that is, how to fight against the tyranny of the majority? Economic institutions brought more serious problems to humanistic concerns; with the possibilities of the market doing evils such as encouraging speculation, indifference to non-profit production and monopoly. The market itself has irremediable defects. Against such contemporary realities, what we can do now is to present the core issues of humanistic concerns, and then to examine what core values the great historical traditions can add to humanistic concerns, especially what new contributions the great historical tradition of China can make to mankind.

关 键 词：人文关怀 历史谱系 现实困境 公共辩论 理性主义 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学] G40