农户兼业化与农村土地制度变迁——基于家庭内部分工的分析框架及政策含义  

Part-time Farming and its Impacts on Land Institutional Change in Rural China:The Framework of Intra-household Labor Division for its Policy Implications

作　　者：陈会广[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中国土地问题研究中心,南京210095

出　　处：《甘肃行政学院学报》2009年第1期4-20,共17页Journal of Gansu Administration Institute

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学课题重大攻关项目(04JZD0008)"中国工业化;城镇化进程中的农村土地问题研究";国家自然科学基金(70673037);国家社会科学基金(07BJY091);江苏省社科规划基金课题(04ELB009);江苏省社科联研究课题(B-07-34);江苏省国土资源厅科技计划项目(200701);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学基金(08SJD7900053);南京农业大学人文社会科学研究基金(SK08006)的资助

摘　　要：基于家庭内部分工的框架,将农户看作两个人的生产系统,讨论了家庭内部分工与专业化对农村土地流转、土地调整两个重要制度变量的影响,研究了农户兼业化对土地制度选择的意愿及其对中国农村土地制度变迁的政策意义。Probit模型的计量结果表明,农民家庭内部分工降低了土地流转意愿;在家庭人地比的一定范围内农户响应人地比例的变动而选择土地流转的意愿比土地调整要更为强烈。研究的结论是,男性和女性人力资本在非农就业的差异,以及兼业农户没有降低农业产出的效率特征,决定了具有比较优势的分工使兼业农户不会轻易放弃土地承包权;分工经济使农民对现有土地家庭承包制的利用程度的重要性超过土地流转制度创新的潜在利润,农户的反应倾向于选择土地流转应对稀缺的土地要素禀赋对土地调整的压力;农户的制度选择意愿在一定程度上受家庭内部分工预期收益所左右,形成了制度变迁的路径依赖和锁入效应。Each farmer was assumed as a system of production involving two individuals on basis of intra-household labor division. This paper discussed how the intra-household division and specialization had impacts on rural land circulation and readjustment in order to find the impacts of part-time farming on the willing choice of land tenure and its policy implications. The results of Probit model showed that the economies of intra-household labor division had reduced part- time farmers ＇ willingness to circulate or lease their contracted land rights, but that the willingness was stronger than to readjust their land in response to the change of household＇s population-land ratio. The characteristics of male and female human capital, which was heterogeneous in off-farm employment, and agricultural production stability of part-time farming households, could determine them to give up their contracted land rights no more. The farm households＇response to the economy of intra-household division was the substitution of contracted land circulation for the readjustment. So the anticipation upon their intra-household division＇s return determined the ＂lock in＂ effect of the willing choice, and special attention should be paid to the path dependence of institutional change on the anticipation.

关 键 词：农户兼业化 家庭内部分工 农村土地制度 制度变迁 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] F241