巴山木竹发笋和大熊猫取食的时空格局及相关性分析  

Spatial-temporal patterns of Bashania fargesii bamboo shoot emergence and giant panda herbivory

作　　者：卢志军[1,2] 王巍 张文辉[3] 李红[4] 曹庆 党高弟 何东[1] Scott Franklin 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物与流域生态重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]Department of Biology,University of Memphis [3]西北农林科技大学,杨凌712100 [4]西安财经学院,西安710061 [5]陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区管理局,佛坪723400 [6]Department of Biological Sciences,University of Northern Colorado

出　　处：《生物多样性》2009年第1期1-9,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：中国科学院武汉植物园知识创新工程领域前沿项目(54O754501J0447);国家十一五科技支撑项目(2006BAD19B0104);美国孟菲斯动物园(孟菲斯动物协会)大熊猫研究项目;中国大熊猫保护工程国际合作项目(WHO614)

摘　　要：巴山木竹(Bashania fargesii)是秦岭大熊猫冬季和春季主要食物来源。秦岭地区巴山木竹的更新是保护大熊猫和评价其生境质量的一个重要因子,而发笋是巴山木竹更新的主要方式。揭示巴山木竹发笋和大熊猫取食的时空格局以及二者空间和数量上的相关性对保护和恢复大熊猫栖息地具有重要意义。运用单变量和双变量Ripley K函数点格局方法,对秦岭南坡佛坪国家级自然保护区40×40m永久样地竹子发笋和大熊猫取食情况连续6年(2002-2008年,2007年除外)研究表明,由于自身克隆生长、资源异质性、大熊猫取食和践踏等因素,巴山木竹发笋呈现聚集分布格局;而大熊猫取食的聚集格局可能归因于食物聚集分布、自身取食习惯和取食地段小地形特征。大熊猫取食和巴山木竹发笋空间上呈现正相关,显示出巴山木竹为秦岭大熊猫食物主要来源。同时,线性回归结果显示,大熊猫取食强度与巴山木竹发笋产量之间相关性不显著,说明该地区还存在其他竹子提供食物来源,大熊猫对巴山木竹不是完全依赖。Bashaniafargesii is an important food resource for giant panda in the Qinling Mountains, China, especially in winter and spring when giant panda prefers new shoots. Therefore, regeneration ofB. fargesii is a key factor for conservation of the giant panda. B. fargesii regenerates mainly via new shoot recruitment. To identify spatial-temporal patterns of B. fargesii new shoot emergence and giant panda herbivory as well as spatial and quantitative associations between them, we established one 40 m×40 m permanent plot in Foping National Nature Reserve, and investigated new shoots of B. fargesii and giant panda herbivory from 2002 to 2008 （except 2007）. Results of univariate and bivariate Ripley＇s K function demonstrated that new shoots of B. fargesii were aggregated in the plot, maybe due to clonal growth, resource heterogeneity, and giant panda herbivory and trampling. Giant panda herbivory was also clumped at most scales from 0 m to 20 m. This pattern may be explained by spatial patterns of a restricted food resource （17. fargesii new shoots）, giant pan- das＇ herbivory habits, and topography of the forging sites. Giant panda herbivory was significantly spatially correlated to B. fargesii new shoots, confirming the importance of B. fargesii as an important food resource for giant panda in the Qinling Mountains. Regression analysis revealed no relationship between giant panda herbivory intensity （percentage of eaten shoots in the plot） and B. fargesii new shoot density, possibly indi- cating the existence of other bamboos as a food source for giant panda, suggesting a partial dependence of giant panda on B. fargesii.

关 键 词：大熊猫保护 动植物关系 空间点格局 Ripley’s K 种群更新 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]