重庆市优质稻产量形成的气候生态条件分析  

Analysis of Climatic-Ecological Conditions for Yield Formation of High Quality Rice in Chongqing City

作　　者：梅勇 高阳华 唐云辉 陈志军 向友全 兰治东 李家明 刘天贵 潘其佳 

机构地区：[1]重庆市气象科学研究所,重庆401147 [2]重庆市忠县气象局,重庆忠县404300 [3]重庆市云阳县气象局,重庆云阳404500 [4]重庆市南川区气象局,重庆南川408400 [5]重庆市忠县巴营镇农业技术服务中心,重庆忠县404301 [6]重庆市云阳县大阳乡农业技术服务中心,重庆云阳404505

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2009年第1期92-95,101,共5页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家科技部"西部开发科技行动"重大项目(2005BA901A01);科技部农业科技成果转化项目(2007GB24160446);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC03A06);重庆市气象局开放式研究基金项目(200527)

摘　　要：利用重庆市优质稻——籼型杂交水稻新品种宜香9303的地理分期播种试验,通过多元相关分析和逐步回归建立优质稻产量与产量构成因素间的回归模型、产量构成因素的气候生态模型。结果表明:每穗粒数、结实率、单位面积穗数与千粒重对优质稻产量形成贡献较大,尤其是每穗粒数、结实率;每穗粒数与拔节-孕穗期的平均气温呈负相关,而与孕穗-齐穗期的平均气温呈"抛物线"关系;结实率与孕穗-齐穗、齐穗-乳熟期间的平均气温均呈"抛物线"关系,其最适宜气温分别为27.2℃和26.7℃;影响单位面积穗数的主要气象因子为出苗-返青期的平均降雨量与平均日照时数、返青-拔节期的平均气温与平均日照时数;孕穗-齐穗期、齐穗-乳熟期的平均最高气温、齐穗-乳熟期、乳熟-成熟期平均日较差为决定优质稻千粒重的关键因子。Based on the interval sowing trial for high quality rice variety Yixiang 9303 in Chongqing, the regression model for yield and yield components and climatic-ecological model for the yiela components were established by the multivariable step-wise and muhi-correlation analysis. The results indicated that the grain per spike, seed setting rate, spikes per unit area and thousand grain weight had great contribution to the yield, especially grain per spike and seed setting rate. There was a significant negative correlation between grain per spike and average temperature in the jointing-booting stage, while the grain per spike had a quadratic regression with the average temperature in the booting-heading stage. The seed setting rate had quadratic regression with the average temperature in the booting-heading and heading-milk stages. The optimum average temperature for the booting-heading and heading-milk stages was 27.2℃ and 26.7℃ respectively. The main meteorological factors which influenced the spikes per unit area were the average precipitation and the daily average sunshine hours in the emergence-reviving stage, and the average temperature and the daily average sunshine hours in the reviving-jointing stage. The average maximum temperature in the booting-heading and milk-maturation stages, and the daily temperature range in the heading-milk and milk-maturation stages were the key factors determining the thousand grain weight of the high quality rice.

关 键 词：优质稻 产量形成 气候生态 重庆市 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]