产甲烷古菌  

Progress in research of methanogens

作　　者：朱晨光[1] 许政暟[1] 宋任涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学生命科学学院上海市能源作物育种及应用重点实验室,上海200444

出　　处：《生命的化学》2009年第1期129-133,共5页Chemistry of Life

摘　　要：产甲烷古菌可将无机或有机化合物厌氧转化成甲烷和二氧化碳,在沼气发酵、有机废弃物处理和全球大气中的甲烷释放等过程中起着重要作用。目前已有19种产甲烷古菌的基因组完成了测序,其基因组学和蛋白质组学研究以及未培养产甲烷古菌的多样性研究正蓬勃开展。已知的甲烷生物合成途径分别以乙酸、氢/二氧化碳、甲基化合物为底物,通过不同途径,最后在甲基辅酶M还原酶的催化下释放出甲烷。产甲烷古菌的资源多样性和组学水平的代谢调控机制研究将为持续开发可再生能源、开展环境监测和治理提供坚实的理论基础。Methanogens can transform the inorganic or organic compounds to methane and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions, and play important roles in the processes of bio-gas production, organic pollutant assimilation, global production of atmospheric methane, etc. Nineteen genomes of methanogens have been completely sequenced. Researches on the transcripteomics, proteomics of methanogens, and the diversity of uncultured methanogens are being undertaken presently. Three pathways for biological synthesis of methane have been reported. Each pathway respectively starts with acetate, hydrogen/carbon dioxide or methyl-compounds, metabolizes the substrate via different route, then forms methyl-coenzyme M, and finally releases the methane under the catalysis of methyl-CoM reductase. The researches on the community diversity and mechanism for metabolic regulation of methanogens via genomics will strongly push the development of reproducible energy utilization and biodegradation of environmental pollutants.

关 键 词：产甲烷古菌 甲烷 基因组 可再生能源 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学] Q75