快速城市化地区湿地脆弱性评价—以杭州湾湿地为例  

Evaluation of Frangibility of Wetland in Rapidly Urbanized Areas:a Case Study of Hangzhou Bay Wetland

作　　者：杨志荣[1,2] 吴次芳[2] 刘勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州民族学院公共管理学院,贵阳550001 [2]浙江大学土地科学与不动产研究所,杭州310029 [3]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第2期243-249,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：浙江省科技计划重点项目:"杭州湾产业带滩涂湿地保护与优化利用研究"(编号:G20050181);国家自然科学基金资助项目:"基于遥感影像的城市生态环境参数化及动态模拟研究"(编号:40701177)。

摘　　要：湿地是地球上生产力和生物多样性最高的生态系统之一,具有巨大的环境功能和效益,在近年来成为了国内外研究的热点,但目前的文献来看,缺乏利用遥感与GIS手段对湿地脆弱性的角度对湿地的开发保护进行分区的研究从而难以为区域尺度的湿地管理决策提供依据。有鉴于此,本文以地处快速城市化地区的杭州湾地区为研究区域,利用2000年、2005年4景Landsat TM/ETM+为主要数据源,通过非监督分类和分层分类相结合,解译得到研究期间湿地的分布格局和动态变化,并在此基础上综合利用多因素评价法和GIS空间分析方法在快速城市的背景下评价了杭州湾湿地脆弱性,可为该区域湿地的分类保护提供决策基础数据。研究过程中,在快速城市化的背景条件下从自然地理环境、湿地空间分布、湿地动态变化、社会经济指标、地理空间指标和生态环境指标等方面着手,将位于快速城市化地区的杭州湾湿地划分为湿地高度脆弱区、湿地中等脆弱区和湿地轻度脆弱区,其对应的面积分别为133.95km2、290.38km2、862.73km2。其中,杭州市和宁波市是较为集中的湿地脆弱区域。Wetlands, which capture increasing research interests recently, are among the most productive and biologically diverse ecosystems with great environmental function and benefit to the earth. However, considering from the perspective of wetlands frangibility, it is hard to provide evidence for managing wetland on a regional scale to study the development and protection of wetlands due to the lack of RS and GIS. This paper takes Hangzhou Bay as a case study based on four scenes of Landsat TM/ETM~ in 2000 and 2005. Unsupervised classification and multi-level classification are employed to interpret the pattern and changes of Hangzhou Bay wetland, on the basis of which, GIS spatial analysis, combined with expert information and multivariate analysis are utilized to evaluate the frangibility of Hangzhou Bay wetland and to offer evidence for protecting wetland on a regional scale by geomorphic heterogeneity, wetland distribution, social economy, city development level and wetland habitat. The results indicate that 1）Hangzhou Bay wetland can be divided into three categories of fragile areas through combined analysis of natural geography, distribution and changes of wetland, social economic factors, geo-spatial factors and environmental indicators and others. The area of high, medium, or low classes are 133.95 km2, 290.38 km2, 862.73 km2 respectively; 2）Coastal wetlands and estuaries wetlands are areas with minor fragility, which are distributed over the inlet of the Qiantang River, the estuary of Caoe River, and the south area of Hangzhou Bay. The estuary wetland ecosystems with medium fragility are the habitats for fishes and waterfowls being disturbed by river pollutions, over-farming-and-fishing. Highly fragile areas include the water nets and lakes of the plain mainly distributed near the city and along the shoreline, which are disturbed by factors such as land for construction, inning and river pollution; 3）Hangzhou Bay wetland is located in Hangzhou city while Ningbo city is the concentrated area with weak se

关 键 词：快速城市化 湿地保护 脆弱性 遥感 杭州湾 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]