基于生态风险分析的耕地质量退化风险评价—以后湖农场为例  

Cultivated Land Quality Degradation Risk Evaluation based on Ecological Risk Analysis

作　　者：于婧[1] 聂艳[2] 景高了[2] 叶护平[2] 周勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,武汉430062 [2]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第2期330-335,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40801078;40771088)。

摘　　要：生态风险分析属于生态学研究的热点问题之一。本文将生态风险分析引入耕地质量退化风险评价中,借助PSR框架建立了风险评价指标体系,给出了一种度量耕地质量退化风险的简单、合理的方法,计算了后湖农场样区耕地污染风险指数和耕地质量退化风险综合指数。结果表明:研究区9种单要素污染程度依次为Cd>As>Cu>Zn>DDT>Hg>Cr>Pb>HCH,相比较而言,Cd为主要污染元素,8个地块已受到Cd的轻度污染,土壤中的农药残留主要成分为滴滴涕;3.81%的耕地的综合污染指数大于1(轻度污染),15.59%的耕地处在警戒限。评价区42个单元中,以微小风险和一般风险为主,共占83.1%,风险较大的只有3个,占5.01%;速效磷、道路通达度和综合污染生态风险指数3个因子是研究区生态风险管理的主要制约因子。以上风险分析结果,为耕地质量风险评价和土壤改良治理提供了定量依据。Changes of land use and the influence on ecological environment have already aroused wide attention. Promoted by implementing the policy of paid use of land, comprehensive quality evaluation of cultivated land becomes more noticeable and more important to land resources management at present as well as in future. Land degradation （LD） is often used to describe an environmental phenomenon affecting dry lands, sometimes without a clear understanding of the involved processes. LD usually means reduction or temporary loss of the biological and economic productivity of irrigated or non-irrigated agricultural land, pastures, rangeland, and woodlands. It is caused by various factors, including dry climate, poor soil and vegetation quality, pressure due to agriculture intensification, population growth, urban sprawl and industrial concentration. Ecological risk analysis is one of the hottest topics in ecological study. Ecological risk evaluation has gradually become one of the core content of sustainable development. It can evaluate the existent possibility of adverse ecological results under one or more stress factors. Introducing ecological risk analysis into cultivated land pollution and quality degradation risk evaluation, this paper tries to work out a simple and useful assessment method to measure cultivated land risk, which includes establishing risk evaluation factors and mathematic models, calculating soil pollution risk index, comprehensive pollution index and comprehensive ecological risk index. The results we reached indicated that： 1） the pollution of Cd is the most serious for eight plots were slightly polluted, and then pallutants follow this order Cd 〉 As 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 DDT 〉 Hg 〉 Cr 〉 Pb 〉 HCH. DDT was the main pollution of organic pesticides; 2） 3.81% of the farmland with integrated pollution level has reached slight risk grade, 15.59% farmland with integrated pollution level has reached cautionary risk grade; 3） the cropland quality degradation risk in this area is primarily ca

关 键 词：污染 耕地质量 风险评价 生态风险分析 后湖农场 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]