滇中高原高产小麦的产量形成特点  

Yield formation of high yield wheat in the Middle Yunnan Plateau

作　　者：路季梅[1,2] 李亚[1,2] 俞炳杲 宋令荣[1,2] 程在全 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学系 [2]云南省农业科学院

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》1998年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家八五科技攻关项目

摘　　要：滇中小麦高产田块的单产达１０～１２ｔ／ｈｍ２，其产量结构为：公顷穗数５２５～６９０万，每穗粒数４０～５２粒，千粒重４０～５０ｇ。滇中小麦生长季处于高原干季，日照充足，太阳辐射强，昼温适中，夜温低，日较差大，有利于小麦的光合生产和物质积累，促进产量器官的形成和群体的协调发展。秋冬晴暖，麦苗无越冬过程，苗期的光温有效性高，分蘖早生快发，叶蘖生长出现ｎ－２的超同伸现象。分蘖高峰持续期长，分蘖成穗率高。拔节孕穗期长，幼穗分化充分，有利于壮秆大穗的形成。抽穗灌浆期长，不出现３０℃以上的逼熟高温，叶片功能期长，叶面积指数大，灌浆速率高，籽粒饱满。干旱是制约小麦生产的主要环境因素，有效的灌溉是实现高产的基础。The yield composition of the high yielding wheats from 10 to 12 tons per hectare in the Middle Yunnan Plateau is 5.25 6.90 million ears per hectare, 40 52 grains per ear and 40 50 grams per 1 000 grains. The growing season of wheat occurs in dry season of the plateau, with abundant sunshine and strong solar radiation, moderate day temperature and low night temperture and great tempereature variation between day and night. The suitable conditions of temperature and light are favorable for the photosynthetic production and dry matter accumulation, and beneficial to the yield organ formation and the coordinate development of crop community. It is sunshining and warm in autumn and winter. Plant growth does not stop in winter. The effectiveness of temperature and light are high. Thus the tillers emerge early and faster, exhibiting over synchronization in the pace of n -2. Also the peak duration of tillers is long and the ear formation rate is high. The stage from jointing to booting is long and the differentiation of young ear is abundant. These are favorable for the formation of strong stems and big ears. The stage from heading to grain filling is elongated, and it does not occur extremely high temperature over 30 ℃. Therefore, the functional duration of leaves is long, LAI is large, grain filling rate is high, grains are plump. Dryness is a primary factor restricting wheat production, thus effective irrigation is a basis for high yield.

关 键 词：滇中高原 高产品种 小麦 产量形成 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]