水旱轮作大豆的营养生长与根系活力的关系  

Effect of Root Activity on Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Rotation Soybean

作　　者：马启林[1,2] 雷慰慈[2] 山口武视[3] 中田升[3] 李阳生[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学生命科学学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434103 [3]鸟取大学农学部,日本鸟取680-8553

出　　处：《大豆科学》2009年第1期36-40,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：湖北省重大科技发展计划资助项目(962P0503)

摘　　要：大豆是实行水旱轮作制度的重要作物之一,水田的排水不良是导致轮作大豆减产的重要原因。通过对水旱轮作大豆幼苗进行过湿处理,分析了不同大豆品种的营养生长特性与根系生理活性的关系。轮作大豆在过湿条件下,所有品种的生育都受到抑制,干物质生产受抑制程度存在着品种间的差异。营养生长诸性状中,伤流速度受过湿处理影响最大,处理区的伤流速度仅为对照区的64.2%。过湿处理导致伤流液中氮含量几乎减少了一半,伤流中的氮含量与叶片氮素含量之间存在极显著正相关关系,过湿条件下叶片氮含量的减少是由于根的氮素吸收能力的低下所致。遭遇过湿逆境时的植株个体大小与维持物质生产关系密切。过湿处理期间及其后的干物质增加量的大小与以伤流速度为代表的根系活力密切相关,说明从田间管理技术上提高大豆的根系活力以维持水旱轮作大豆的干物质生产是可行的。Excessive soil moisture in poorly drained upland field converted from paddy is usually a serious problem to soybean which is an important crop in rotation system. Field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of waterlogging on vegetative growth characteristics （VGC）of forty cultivars of soybean at the seedling stage, and to clarify the relationship between VGC and root function of soybean plants. Vegetative growth had been depressed and varietal difference was found to exist in the dry matter accumulation of rotation soybean. Among the VGC, bleeding sap was mostly influenced by waterlogged treatment, and the ratio of treatment to control of bleeding sap was average 64.2%. Watedogging led to the nitrogen content in bleeding sap reduced by nearly half, and there was a significant positive correlation between the nitrogen content in bleeding sap and that in leaf. This indicated that the decrease of nitrogen content in leaf was attributed to the depression of nitrogen absorption capacity of root under the condition of excessive soil moisture. The size of soybean individual plants when encountered waterlogging is closely related with the ability of dry matter production. Net dry weight during waterlogged or post-waterlogged period is closely related with root activity which represented by bleeding rate. Therefore, it is feasible to maintain dry matter production of soybean plants grown in upland field converted from paddy by improving root activity through crop management technologies.

关 键 词：大豆 水旱轮作 涝渍 营养生长性状 根系活力 氮吸收能 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]