黑土区不同轮作系统大豆根际镰孢菌种群结构和数量  

Black Soil Region Fusarium Population Structure and Quantity in Soybean Rhizosphere of Different Rotation System

作　　者：刘金波[1,2] 许艳丽[1] 吕国忠[3] 李春杰[1] 赵志慧[4] 魏巍5 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]大连民族学院生物资源与环境研究所,辽宁大连116600 [4]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《大豆科学》2009年第1期97-102,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(kzcx2-yw-408);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划资助项目(GA06B101);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土生态重点实验室基金课题(HTST07)资助项目

摘　　要：对中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站长期定位区大豆连作17年、小麦-玉米-大豆轮作、玉米-大豆迎茬和大豆连作2年,分别取分枝期、花期和鼓粒期的大豆根际土壤,采用土粒平板法进行镰孢菌分离,探讨大豆连作对镰孢菌种群结构和数量的影响。根据形态学特征鉴定出6种镰孢菌,即锐顶镰孢(F.acum inatum Ellis & Everhart)、黄色镰孢(F.culm orum(W.G.Smith)Sacc.)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti(Corda)Sacc.)、禾谷镰孢(F.gram inearum Schwa-be)、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum Schlecht.)和腐皮镰孢(F.solani(Mart.)Sacc.)。在不同生育期及不同轮作系统大豆根际土壤中尖孢镰孢(F.oxy sporum)数量较高,与其它种类相比差异显著(P<0.05),是大豆根际土壤中的优势菌。不同轮作系统大豆根际土壤以尖孢镰孢数量平均值最高,其次为腐皮镰孢;不同轮作系统镰孢菌总量动态变化一致,花期轮作镰孢菌数量最高为1.54×104个.g-1干土,与大豆连作17年相比差异明显。在3个生育期大豆连作17年尖孢镰孢数量均略低于轮作。Fusarium is one of the main pathogen of soybean root rot, distribution of Fusarium in soil is surprisingly diverse, its mycelium and chlamydospore can be survival many years and difficult to prevent. Isolates of Fusarium were obtained by direct soil plating method with soils from soybean monoculture 17 years （ S - S- S）, Wheat- Corn- Soybean rotation （ W- C- S W- C-S） ,Corn-Soybean rotation（C-S C-S）and soybean monoculture 2 years（C-S-S C-S-S） in Hailun Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station of CAS, and rhizosphere soils were sampled at branching, flowering and seed-filling stage, the research was carried to probe the effect of soybean monoculture on Fusarium population structure and quantity. Based on morphological characteristics,these isolates were identified to 6 species, namely Fusarium acuminatum Ellis ＆ Everhart, F. culmorum （ W. G. Smith） Saee, F. equiseti （Corda） Sacc, F. oxysporum Sehleeht and F. solani （ Mart. ） Sacc. The quantity of F. oxysporum in soybean rhizosphere soil in different growth stages and different rotation systems was significantly（ P 〈 0.05 ）higher compared to other Fusarium species, indicating F. oxysporum was the dominant specie of soybean rhizospbere soil. The average quantity of F. oxysporum was the highest in different rotation systems soybean rhizosphere soil, then was F. solani. The Fusarium spp. total quantity dynamics were the same in different rotation systems. In florescence stage, the Fusarium spp. total quantity of W- C- S W- C- S which was 1.54 x 104 CFU per gram dry soil was the highest and significant different to S - S- S. The quantity of F. oxysporum in S - S- S were lower than W- C- S W- C- S in three soybean growth stages.

关 键 词：大豆 根际土壤 镰孢菌 形态学鉴定 

分 类 号：S435.651[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]