固氮类植物在陆地生态系统中的作用研究进展  

A review on the functions of nitrogen-fixers in terrestrial ecosystems

作　　者：宋成军[1] 马克明[1] 傅伯杰[1] 曲来叶[1] 刘杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市和区域国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第2期869-877,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(40621061);自然科学基金资助项目(40571005);中国科学院西部行动计划(二期)项目资助(KZCX2-XB2-02-31)

摘　　要：固氮类植物是陆地生态系统中的一个重要功能群,它们广泛存在于陆地生态系统中,是陆地生态系统最重要的氮源,大量研究表明,固氮类植物在陆地生态系统中的生态功能表现出明显的复杂性和多样性,对于生态过程有很强的主导性和控制性。通过与固氮微生物形成不同的共生固氮类型,它们可以改善土壤结构和营养组成以及地表微生境,直接影响碳氮磷循环、种子萌发和植株生长、植被演替、凋落物构成及其分解4个关键生态过程,进而提高群落结构复杂性、生物多样性和初级生产力,促进植被恢复和减少水土养分流失。未来研究中,应该加强对陆地生态系统固氮过程的定量化分析,确定影响共生固氮的主导因子和生态机制,从而为陆地系统的生态恢复提供理论依据。Nitrogen-fixing plants are one of the essential functional groups in terrestrial ecosystems, which drive the accumulation of fixed N on long time scales in many land-based ecosystems. Many researches had showed that the functions of nitrogen-fixing plants are diversity and complex, and they strongly dominate many ecosystem processes. Through forming symbiosis with different diazotrophs, they could ameliorate soil physical and chemical properties and microhabitat. They directly affect the key ecological process, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles, seed germination, seedling establishment, plant growth, succession trajectory and litter component and decomposition. They improve the primary production, community complexity and species diversity in ecosystem, and facilitate ecological restoration and weaken soil, water and nutrient loss. In the future, the following topics, including the quantified research in natural ecosystems, the primary factors limiting to nitrogen fixation and mechanism of ecological control and distribution of nitrogen fixation, be studied in detail, which could provide insight and theoretical foundation for restoration of degraded ecosystems.

关 键 词：固氮类植物 陆地生态系统 生态系统结构和过程 控制因素 生态恢复 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]