草坪植物对生活垃圾堆肥基质的生理生态响应  

Responses of turfgrass physioecology to municipal solid waste compost medium

作　　者：赵树兰[1] 廉菲[1] 多立安[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学化学与生命科学学院,天津300387

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第2期916-923,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：天津师范大学滨海新区专项研究计划资助项目(52LE19);天津市科技发展计划资助项目(043100611);国家自然科学基金资助项目(59878033)

摘　　要：以生活垃圾堆肥和土壤(对照)为基质,采用不同播种方式进行草坪建植,研究了堆肥基质对草坪植物光合特性和保护酶系统的影响。结果表明:堆肥能明显地提高草坪植物的净光合速率,第一峰值出现在9:00,在单播方式下,堆肥基质黑麦草、高羊茅分别比各自对照高出12.7%、11.4%;黑麦草与早熟禾混播、高羊茅与早熟禾混播分别比对照高出33.0%、29.6%。堆肥基质黑麦草单播、黑麦草与早熟禾混播表现出比对照较低的日平均蒸腾速率和较高的水分利用效率;而高羊茅单播、高羊茅与早熟禾混播,则呈现比对照较高的日平均蒸腾速率和相似的水分利用效率。以垃圾堆肥为草坪基质,黑麦草表现出高光合、低蒸腾的节水对策;而高羊茅则表现出高光合、高蒸腾的代谢特点。另外,堆肥基质也显著地提高了草坪植物叶片叶绿素含量,单播黑麦草和高羊茅叶片的叶绿素含量显著高于对照(P<0.05)。堆肥基质还能显著增强草坪植物叶片POD、SOD和CAT活性,与对照相比差异均达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01),表明堆肥基质中草坪植物的抗逆境能力显著增强。High efficient and beneficial utilization of municipal solid waste is an important objective for integrated waste management. We investigated the effects of municipal solid waste （MSW） compost on photosynthetic characteristics and protective enzymes of turfgrass. MSW compost was used as the medium and soil as the control, turf was established under different planting patterns. The results suggested that MSW compost significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of the tested turfgrass. The first peak value of Pn appeared at 9：00 AM. Under mono-sowing, the photosynthetic rates of L. perenne and F. arundinacea in MSW compost medium were 12.7% and 11.4% higher than those of their controls, respectively. The photosynthetic rates increased by 33.0% and 29.6% in L. perenne/ P. pratensis mixture and F. arundinacea/P, pratensis mixture respectively. The diurnal average transpiration rate （Tr） of L. perenne/P, pratensis mixture and single L. perenne in MSW compost medium is lower than their controls; and the water use efficiency （WUE） of L. perenne/P, pratensis mixture and single L. perenne in MSW compost medium is higher than their controls. However, F. arundinacea in MSW compost medium had higher diurnal average Tr than that of the control and with similar WUE to the control. This indicated that, with MSW compost as medium, L. perenne exhibited water-saving strategies with high Pn and low Tr, whereas F. arundinacea was characterized by high Pn and high Tr. In addition, chlorophyll content in leaves of the turfgrass was remarkably higher in MSW compost medium than in soil medium, especially for single L. perenne and F. arundinacea with significantly higher chlorophyll contents than control （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Moreover, POD, SOD and CAT activities in leaves of the turfgrass were significantly increased by MSW compost medium as compared with control （P 〈0. 05 or P 〈 0.01 , and MSW compost improved the adaptation of the turfgrass to adverse environments

关 键 词：生活垃圾堆肥基质 草坪植物 光合特性 保护酶 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]