覆被对桔园旱季土壤水分变化和利用的影响  

Effects of straw mulching and sodding culture on soil water use and variation in citrus orchard in dry season

作　　者：胡实[1,2] 谢小立[1] 王凯荣[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院研究生院 [3]青岛农业大学农业生态与环境健康研究所,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第2期976-983,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目(KZCX3-SW-441)

摘　　要：稻草覆盖和自然覆被是解决红壤丘陵区季节性干旱的有效措施。2005～2006年在桃源农业生态试验站进行了稻草覆盖和自然覆被对桔园降雨入渗、土壤蒸发、土壤水分调控和利用结构影响的研究,结果表明:稻草覆盖和自然覆被更有利于雨水的储存和向深层入渗,雨后48h分别比裸地土壤储水增量多3.33mm和1.33mm,降雨入渗深度分别为40cm和80cm。此外,稻草覆盖和自然覆被分别抑制了69.10%和36.53%的土壤蒸发,其蒸发抑制作用在午间高温时段表现尤为明显,使得更多的水分以植物蒸腾(稻草覆盖15.71%、自然覆被7.30%)和土壤蓄留的方式支出,并且分别降低了20.55mm(稻草覆盖)和14.33mm(自然覆被)的水分支出。覆被下土壤水分结构发生明显改变,0～20cm土层受外界条件影响较大,土壤水分变异系数较大,自然覆被由于覆盖的植被消耗表层水分,水分亏缺较大,平均含水量为稻草覆盖>裸地>自然覆被;20～80cm土壤水分变异减小,平均含水量稻草覆盖>自然覆被>裸地;120～160cm深土层中,自然覆被下土壤水分得不到补给,变异系数增大,稻草覆盖和裸地水分变化稳定,平均含水量稻草覆盖>裸地>自然覆被。Straw mulching and sodding culture are two kinds of effective measures to solve the problem of the seasonal drought in red soil region. An experiment of straw mulching and sodding culture impacting rainfall infiltration, soil evaporation and soil water regulation was conducted from 2005 to 2006 in Taoyuan experimental station （ 111 30′E, 28°55′ N）, which located in Hunan province. Results showed that straw mulching and sodding culture could increase rainfall infiltration and soil water storage. The infiltration depth was 40cm for straw mulching but 80cm for sodding cuhure in 48h since rainfall. Compared with no-mulching, the increment of water storage was 3.33ram for mulching and 1.33mm for sodding culture. These two measures also resulted in the reduction of soil evaporation of 69. 10% and 36. 53% respectively. This effect was more obvious at midday under high temperature. The plant evaporation increased by 15.66% and 7.26% while soil water consumption reduced by 20.55 mm and 4.33mm for straw mulching and sodding culture, respectively, in the whole drought season. The vertical distribution of soil water also changed obviously. Soil layer 0 -- 20cm was greatly impacted by the outside conditions and had greater coefficient of variance （Cv） than the sub-layer. The greater water was consumed the more significant water shortage was showed in surface soil under sodding culture. The order of the average moisture in soil layer 0 --20cm was： straw mulching 〉 no mulching treatment 〉 sodding culture. The variance of soil water in the layer of 20 -- 80cm was reduced and the order was ： straw mulching 〉 sodding culture 〉 no mulching treatment. The Cv in the deep layer of 120 -- 160cm under sodding culture increased due to lacking sufficient water replenishment. However, soil water conditions in the other two treatments became more stable in the deep layer. The average values of soil moisture changed in the following order： straw mulching 〉 no mulching treatment 〉 sodding culture

关 键 词：稻草覆盖 自然覆被 土壤含水量 土壤蒸发 水量平衡 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]