环青藏高原巨型盆山体系构造与塔里木盆地油气分布规律  

The Structures of Basin and Range System Around the Tibetan Plateau and the Distribution of Oil and Gas in the Tarim Basin

作　　者：贾承造[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司,北京100011

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2009年第1期1-9,共9页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：国家油气专项科技攻关项目(编号:2008ZX003-005-01)资助

摘　　要：中国中西部受控于喜山期青藏高原的隆升和向北、向东的推挤,在其外围形成一个巨型的盆山构造体系,环青藏高原巨型盆山体系主要由复活后的古造山带、前陆冲断带和小型克拉通盆地三个基本的构造单元组成,其中古生界小型克拉通与中新生界前陆冲断带是重要的含油气单元,它决定了中国中西部油气分布主要受古生界克拉通古隆起和中新生界前陆冲断带的控制。塔里木盆地在纵向上由发育齐全的下古生代碳酸盐岩、上古生代海相-海陆交互相碎屑岩沉积和中新生代陆相碎屑岩等构造层序叠置而成,在平面上以较稳定的小型克拉通为核心,边缘环绕库车、喀什、塔西南、塔东南等褶皱或冲断变形的前陆冲断带。塔里木盆地古生界小型克拉通盆地与中新生界前陆逆冲带叠合-复合的构造特征,以及演化的多阶段性,决定了这类盆地具有"多套烃源岩、多储盖组合、多含油气系统"的叠合-复合含油气系统的特点;油气分布受小型克拉通盆地中的古隆起控制,形成大面积岩性地层油气藏,前陆盆地中的冲断带构造控制形成背斜油气藏,具有多期成藏并存与晚期成藏为主的特点。Due to the uplift and the N-E trending compression of the Tibetan plateau in the Himalayan, a huge basin and range system was formed along the western margin of China. It consists mainly of three basic tectonic units： reactivated paleo-orogen and foreland thrust belts, and small eraton-like basin. Thereinto, the small Paleozoie eraton and Meso-Cenozoic foreland thrust belt are important to preserve oil and gas. Thus, it indicates that the distribution of oil and gas in the central and western China are controlled primarily by the paleo-lift of Paleozoic eraton and the Meso-Cenozoic foreland thrust belts. Vertically, the Tarim basin are composed of well-developed lower-Paleozoic carbonate rocks, upper-Paleozoie marine-epieontinental faces detrital sediments and Meso-Cenozoie continental detrital rocks. Laterally, it comprises of small stable craton in the central and folded/foreland thrust belts around it, such as Kuqa, Kashi, Taxinan and Tadongnan folded/foreland thrust belts. The characters of comsite-superimposed structure of small Paleozoie eratonic basin and Meso-Cenozoie foreland thrust belts, and multi-stage evo- lution in the Tarim basin, indicate that this basin is characterized by the composite-superimposed oil and gas systems which is composed of a great number of source rocks, reservoir-eaprock assemblages and oil/gas-containing systems. Hence, the distribution of oil and gas is controlled by the paleo-uplift in the small cratonie basins and thrust fold belts in the foreland basins in the Tarim basin, which resulted in the formation of oil and gas accumulation of voluminous litho-strata and antielase, respeetivelg. They are characterized by the late-stage hydrocarbons migration and accumulation accompanying multi-stage of hydrocarbons migration and accumulation.

关 键 词：环青藏高原巨型盆山体系 小型克拉通盆地 前陆逆冲带 油气分布规律 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学]