破解说谎者悖论  

Resolving the Liar Paradox

作　　者：黄斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学贸易与行政学院哲学系,重庆市400045

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第2期59-65,共7页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究2007年度规划基金项目"逻辑悖论研究"(07JA720016);项目负责人:黄斌

摘　　要：说谎者悖论是学界探索不止的千年难题。应当从思维和存在关系的角度,建立正确的语言层面理论,以作为分析说谎者悖论的方法。语言可以划分成外延、内涵和形式三个层面,三个层面之间存在重合、透明和转换的关系。解析说谎者悖论,关键也是理解语句名称与被代表的语句本身之间的层面关系,不能混淆。断定"真"与断定"假"的作用不同:断定"真",具有转换语言层面的功能,因此我们允许一个语句断定自身为真;而断定一个语句为"假"则使它定位于内涵层面,因此从断定自身为假的语句推不出矛盾等价式来。运用类似的方法同样可以解析说谎者悖论的变体。The liar paradox is the most difficult paradox to analyze. The key to the analysis of the liar paradox depends on the correct method-the theory of the layers of language. There are three layers in a language： reference （extension）, meaning （intension） and symbol （form）, with complex relations and the mechanism of overlapping, transparency and transition, etc. To analyze the liar paradox, we should realize that the name of the liar sentence and the liar sentence itself are in different layers which cannot be confused. ＂True＂ and ＂false＂ as predicates have different functions. ＂True＂ as a predicate can transfer a sentence from intentional layer into extensional layer, while ＂false＂ fixes the sentence on intentional layer, so the equation of contradiction cannot be inferred from the liar sentence. The same method can also be used to analyze the variations of the liar paradox.

关 键 词：说谎者悖论 语言层面 重合 透明 转换 

分 类 号：B812[哲学宗教—逻辑学]