远程开放教育教学点质量、规模和效益的平衡——基于电大地市级教学点的实证研究  

The Balance among Quality,Scale and Effectiveness——An Empirical Study on Scale Effect in Teaching Venues at Prefecture and City Level of Radio & TV Universities in China

作　　者：李莹[1] 张旭红[1] 李睿卿[1] 陈海山[1] 张少刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中央广播电视大学,北京100031

出　　处：《天津电大学报》2008年第4期45-52,64,共9页Journal of Tianjin Radio and Television University

基　　金：全国教育科学"十五"规划国家一般课题"电大远程教育成本效益实证与比较研究"(课题批准号:BCA050013)

摘　　要：远程开放教育是"国家现代远程教育工程"中"中央电大人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点(1999-2007)"探索的新领域。教学点在远程开放教育中具有桥头堡的地位和作用。电大远程开放教育的在校学生规模超过了全国网络教育在校生总数的70%。全国67所普通高校的网络教育学院的校外教学点有许多设在地市级电大。电大地市级教学点的质量、规模与效益如何平衡?本文通过"电大远程教育成本效益实证与比较研究"课题直接调查了西部新疆、中部湖南和东部福建3个省21个地市级电大教学点连续4年的远程开放教育成本数据,实证研究了这些教学点远程开放教育在教学效果与传统教学效果相同的假设条件下的规模效益。研究结果表明,地市级电大远程开放教育生均成本存在规模经济特征,即随着在校生规模的扩大,生均成本是下降的。研究发现,教学点生均可变成本与生均成本间差距较大,生均成本下降尚有余地。在地区差异上,各地市级电大因所处地理位置与经济发展水平的不同,而存在发展不均衡的现象。研究从教育经济学角度构建了二次型计量模型,其回归结果显示,全国地市级电大教学点开放教育在校生数的最佳规模整体上约为78 00人,分省看,福建、湖南、新疆地市级电大最佳规模分别约为91 00人,3800人和2200人,这为扩大远程开放教育规模经济提供了参考。本文的估计结果还反映出,当规模的改变引起生均成本改变,办学主体存在资金投入方向的问题。研究建议,应增加直接改善远程教育质量的投入,如精品课程的投入,教师学习支持服务的投入等,以保证质量、规模和效益的平衡。ODL（Opcn and Distance Learning） is a newfield for exploration in the CCRTVU： Developing NewWays to Cultivate People of Talents and the Open Education Pilot Project （1999-2007） of the National Modern Distance Education Engineering. As the bridge head, teaching venues are playing an important role in the filed of open and distance education.InChina＇s ODLsystem, over 70% enrolled students are from Radio and TV Universities （RTVUs）. Many off-campus teaching venues of e-colleges in 67 conventional universities have been established in RTVUs at pr-efecture and city level. How to coordinate the relationship among teaching quality, scale and effectiveness？ In this article, the authors have done a direct survey on the data of distance education cost over the past consecutive 4 years in 21 RTVUs at prefecture and city level from 3 provinces （Xinjiang, Hunan and Fujian） in China＇s western, central and eastern areas, and empirically studied the scale effect in teaching venues at prefecture and city level under the hypothesis condition--teaching effect of ODL and conventional education is the same. The study result illustrates that the average student cost of RTVUs at prefecture and city level demonstrates a scale economy feature, that is, with the expansion of enrolled student scale, there is a fall in the average student cost. The study indicates that there are large differences between average student variable cost and average student cost, which shows a possible average cost reduction in RTVUs at prefecture and city level. In terms of geographical differences, some imbalances of development have been found among RTVUs at prefecture and city level owing to different economic ＆ geographical location and different economic development levels.Aquadratic form regression model has been established for doing this research in the perspective of education economics.The results of the regression show that the optimal enrolled student number of RTVUs nationwide at prefecture and city level is around7,800.Fo

关 键 词：开放教育 远程教育 电大 教育经济 规模经济 教学点 校外学习中心 

分 类 号：G728[文化科学—成人教育学]