宽壳全海笋人工繁育技术  

Study on the technique of artificial reproduction and nursing of Barnea dilatata

作　　者：柴雪良[1] 方军[1] 张炯明[1] 肖国强[1] 仇建标[1] 林志华[1] 李昌达 周志明[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州325005 [2]浙江省洞头县水产研究所,浙江洞头325700

出　　处：《水产学报》2009年第2期259-264,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重点科研项目(2004C22021);温州市社会发展科学研究项目(S2003A002)

摘　　要：2003-2005年,进行了宽壳全海笋繁殖的初步观察和人工育苗技术研究。通过观察,揭示了宽壳全海笋繁殖和胚胎发育的整个过程。利用实验生态学的方法,筛选出了受精卵孵化、幼虫生长和采苗的适宜环境条件。在浙南沿海,宽壳全海笋的自然繁殖时间是每年的4-6月份,水温为18-22℃。壳长6 cm以上的雌性成熟个体1次产卵可超过2 000万颗,成熟卵的卵径约50μm。受精卵发育最适宜的温度是22~26℃,盐度21-26,在适宜条件下经过18 h左右发育至D形幼虫。幼虫生长发育的最适宜的温度范围是22-26℃,而盐度范围为16-26;幼虫前期培育的最适宜饵料为球等鞭金藻;经26-50 d培育幼虫进入变态附着期。幼虫变态附着最适宜的基质为泥底质。2005年度,在面积120 m^2水池中,培育出宽壳全海笋稚贝数量6 100万颗,单位面积出苗量5.08×105grain/m^2,平均壳长1.43 mm。The primary observation on propagation and study on artificial reproduction of Barnea dilatata were performed from 2003 to 2005. The processes of propagation and embryonic development have been found out via observation. The feasible environmental conditions for hatching, larval growth and picking of seedling were selected via experimental ecology methods. Spawning occurred naturally of Barnea dilatata in south of Zhejiang Province in April - June when water temperature is 18 - 22 ℃ annually. The sexually mature female individual larger than 6cm shell-length may produce more than 20 million eggs in a single spawning. The diameter of mature eggs is approximately 50μm. The feasible temperature and salinity range 22 -26℃ and 21 -26 respectively in hatching, and the fertilized eggs develop to initial D-stage veliger for about 18 h. The feasible temperature and salinity range 22 -26℃ and 16 -26 respectively in larval growth, and the dainty food is lsochrysis galbana in D-stage larvae. After about 26 -50 d rearing, the larvae develop to the stage of metamorphosis. Mud is the most adaptive substrate for metamorphous larvae to settle on. 61 million juveniles of which the average shell-length was 1.43 mm were produced in the pool of 120 m^2, and the density is 508 000 grain/m^2.

关 键 词：宽壳全海笋 人工繁育 胚胎发育 环境因子 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]