噬菌蛭弧菌预防对虾弧菌感染的应用研究  

Prevention of Vibrio infection by application of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in intensively cultured shrimp

作　　者：张吕平[1] 胡超群[1] 罗鹏[1] 沈琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2009年第1期26-33,共8页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-47-01);农业部渔业生态环境重点实验室开放课题(2003-04)共同资助

摘　　要：采用16S rDNA特异引物对63F和842R对蛭弧菌标准菌株Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109-J和实验菌株Bd-9913进行了PCR鉴定,使用Bd-9913菌株分别对3株虾类病原菌溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolysticus LS01、HF09,副溶血弧菌V.parahaemolyticusV28以及1株大肠埃希氏菌Escherichiacoli CH-42进行裂解。结果表明,105PFU/ml的Bd-9913对于109CFU/ml的宿主菌具有较好的裂解效果。采用3.0×105PFU/ml Bd109-J和Bd-9913分别与饲料混合(v/w)后投喂3.0g左右的凡纳滨对虾幼虾,14d内未发现对虾异常,且在对虾肠道内检测不到Bd109-J及Bd-9913,证明二者对于凡纳滨对虾幼虾是安全的。对正常养殖了50d的室外集约化虾池水体分别泼洒终浓度0.3mg/L的二氯异氰脲酸、0.3mg/L季胺盐络合碘和3.0×105PFU/ml蛭弧菌,后者对于抑制水体弧菌活菌浓度的效果明显优于化学消毒剂。当每隔20d左右分别进行一次上述水体处理,通过比较体内弧菌感染的对虾个体数,发现从肝胰腺分离到弧菌的对虾数量二者无显著差异,但从血淋巴分离到弧菌的对虾数量,蛭弧菌处理组显著少于化学消毒剂处理组,显示了蛭弧菌在预防对虾弧菌感染方面的优越性。Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain Bd-9913 was identified using 16S rDNA universal primers 63F and 842R. The lytic ability of Bd-9913 on shrimp pathogenic bacterial agents, Vibrio alginolysticus and V. parahaemolyticus, and a standard strain of Escherichia coli was investigated respectively. The safety of Bd109-J and Bd-9913 to postlarvae of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei,was demonstrated in two weeks after oral administration of 3.0 10^5 PFU/ml Bdellovibrios mixed 1 ： 1（v/w） with commercial feed. Disinfection effect of Vibrioes in shrimp water was compared between chemical disinfectant treatment （0.3mg/L chloride and/or iodide） and Bdellovibrios addition （3.0× 10^5 PFU/ml）. Results indicated that the later showed great advantage to the former in keeping the concentration of live vibrios at a safe level twice as long （20 days）. Furthermore, advantage was also shown when Bdellovibrios rather than chemical treatment was used to control shrimp vibrio infection in the outdoor intensive shrimp ponds.

关 键 词：噬菌蛭弧菌 对虾 弧菌病 生物防治 

分 类 号：S945.1[农业科学—水产养殖] S476.1[农业科学—水产科学]