苏联社会结构转型的社会学分析：阶级分层与阶层分层  

Sociological Analysis on Social Structural Transition in the Soviet Union Perspective from Class and Stratum

作　　者：邵书龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院社会学专业2006级博士研究生

出　　处：《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2009年第2期46-56,共11页Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories

摘　　要：本文通过对苏联社会变迁的实证分析,从社会分层的视角探索苏联社会转型的原因及过程。首先,工业化与城市化所带来的城乡社会结构的变动,是其社会结构转型的根本原因,而农民迁移到城市及移民第二代成长过程中产生的复杂流动机制和分层机制,对苏联社会的结构性流动带来了直接的影响和冲击。其次,先是深层次的社会结构发生转变,即由农民向市民的阶级分层发生变化,然后才是表层的社会结构发生转变,即在市场化背景下,苏联城市社会的阶层分层因利益多元化而发生分化。苏联社会结构转型的具体过程明显地分为这两个阶段。苏联高度城市化和社会结构转型的过程与机理对中国社会即将到来的加速城市化和社会建设具有一定的殷鉴意义。Through empirical analysis on social changes in the Soviet Union this article discussed the causes and process of social transition in the Soviet Union from the perspective of hierarchical structure. Firstly, the changes of social structure in urban and rural areas caused by high industrialization and urbanization is ba- sic reason of the social transition in the Soviet Union which has deep relevance with social transition in East Asia, Latin America and other countries and regions. At the same time, the complex flow mechanism and stratification mechanism by the structural flow of the farmers moving to cities brought about direct influence and impact on social transition in the Soviet Union The values, social functions and political attitude of the middle class in the Soviet Union had important role in the radical institutional transformation. Secondly, the first was deep social structural transition that was the stratum changes of farmers to unban workers. After- ward, the surface structure changed that was the differentiation of social stratification by diversified interests under the background of marketization. The concrete process of social structural transition in the Soviet U- nion clearly divided into these phrases.The process and mechanism of urbanisation and structral transition in the Soviet Union can be used for reference to speeding up the urbanisation and social construction of China in the nesr future.

关 键 词：社会结构 社会转型 社会分层 社会流动 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]