基于GIS纸坊沟小流域土壤侵蚀强度空间分布  

Spatial Distribution of Soil Erosion Intensityin Zhifanggou Small Watershed Based on GIS

作　　者：李斌兵[1,2] 郑粉莉[3] 龙栋材[2] 江忠善[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安715600 [2]武警工程学院,陕西西安710086 [3]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《地理科学》2009年第1期105-110,共6页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家973项目(2007CB407201);中国科学院西部行动计划(二期)项目(KZCX2-XB2-05-03);黄河水利委员会治黄专项(黄水保200651-09)资助

摘　　要：给出水蚀预报模型各因子计算方法，利用GIS空间数据提取和运算，结合水力侵蚀强度分级，获取流域土壤侵蚀强度空间分布特征。结果表明，流域实际土壤侵蚀强度分布特征是流域沟头侵蚀面积大，侵蚀强度高于沟口，且极易发生极强烈和剧烈侵蚀；流域中部以轻度和中度侵蚀为主，同时左岸侵蚀强度明显强于右岸。流域强烈侵蚀区位于苦荞沟、拐沟、大范家沟、大罗锅沟、正沟，年均侵蚀模数23000—33000t／（km^2·a）；浅沟侵蚀是造成沟间地剧烈土壤侵蚀发生的主要原因，流域土壤侵蚀强度空间分布受地面植被覆盖和坡度制约。Based on calculating factor parameters of soil erosion predication model, spatial distribution map of factor parameters at Zhifangguo Watershed was drawn. By using Geographic Information System （GIS） technology, spatial distribution characteristics were also gotten. In addition, the distribution map of soil erosion intensity in Zhifangguo Watershed was gained too. The results indicated that soil erosion intensity in the upstream of the catchment was more severe than that in the lower stream; severe and extreme severe soil erosion occurred at the upstream. In the middle-stream, slight and moderate erosion intensity happened ; soil erosion intensity in the left side of the catchenmt was more than that in the right side. Extreme severe soil erosion area was located at Guaigou, Kuqiaogou, Dafanjiagou, Zhenggou and Daluoguogou, where soil erosion intensity reached to 23000 -33000 t/（km^2 · a）. Ephemeral gully erosion was a major factor causing occurrence of extreme severe soil erosion on hillslopes. Soil erosion intensity distribution was dominated by vegetation coverage and slope gradient.

关 键 词：浅沟侵蚀 预报模型 侵蚀强度 空间分布 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]