虚介词假设与增元结构--论不及物动词后非核心论元的句法属性  

The Null Preposition Hypothesis and the applicative construction: A syntactic study of thepost-intransitive-verb non-core arguments

作　　者：程杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市天河区龙洞街广东工业大学外国语学院14#信箱,510520

出　　处：《现代外语》2009年第1期23-32,共10页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部2008年人文社科一般研究项目(编号08JC740010);广东省2008年哲学社会科学“十一五”规划项目(编号08YK-01);广东工业大学科学研究项目(编号083037)的资助

摘　　要：不及物动词后跟一个名词短语是汉语中一种常见的结构(简称IVO结构),其中的名词短语不担任PROTO-PATIENT论旨角色,属非核心论元。根据"虚介词假设",这类论元通过一个虚介词P与动词建立联系,构成动词短语[VP[V′V[PP[P′PDP]]]]。汉语动词具有内在的论元结构,动词与其宾语之间有着严格的选择关系,而所谓不及物动词带宾语现象所反映的是动词与其补语之间的弱选择关系。汉语不及物动词后跟非核心论元的结构可解析为Pylkk覿nen(2002)提出的高位增元结构,这种分析统一了"虚介词假设"下的IVO结构与语言使用者对IVO结构的语感。不及物动词后PP中介词虚化的理据是汉语音韵规则NSR,而IVO结构的最终形成还受语义的制约。英语缺少形成IVO结构所必需的音韵和句法条件,故没有IVO结构。The nominal phrases in Chinese IVO constructions, viz. the constructions of an intransitiveverb followed by a nominal phrase, do not assume the PROTO-PATIENT thematic role andtherefore are non-core arguments. In light of the Null Preposition Hypothesis, such argumentsare linked to the verb via a null preposition P and constitute the construction [VP [V′ V [PP [P′P DP]]]]. Thus Chinese verbs are assumed to have inherent argument structure and theirobjects are strictly selective. The phenomenon of intransitive verbs taking assumed objects isactually a reflection of the weak selectiveness of verbal complements. The construction ofChinese intransitive verbs taking non-core arguments can be analyzed as the High ApplicativeConstruction of Pylkk覿nen (2002), which unifies the IVO construction under the NullPreposition Analysis and Chinese users’ intuition that such arguments occupy the syntacticposition of verbal objects. The phonetic nullification of the P in the PP after an intransitive verbis motivated by the Chinese prosodic rule NSR. The ultimate formation of an IVO constructionis also semantically constrained. English does not have IVO constructions because the necessaryprosodic and syntactic conditions for their formation are missing.

关 键 词：虚介词 增元结构 非核心论元 句法 音韵 语义 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]