三聚氰胺对花鲈的急性毒性实验研究  

ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY FOR MELAMINE ON JAPANESE SEA BASS(LATEOLABRAX JAPONICUS)

作　　者：刘海燕[1,2] 张伟[1,3] 薛敏[1] 吴秀峰[1] 郑银桦[1] 郭利亚[1] 盛洪建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,国家水产饲料安全评价基地,北京100081 [2]河北师范大学生命科学学院,石家庄050016 [3]大连水产学院,大连116023

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2009年第2期157-163,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：农业部专项项目;十一五国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD12B06)(2006BAD12B08)资助

摘　　要：本文以花鲈(Lateolabraxjaponicus)为实验对象,采用接触、腹腔注射及口服三种致毒方式,进行了非蛋白氮物质-三聚氰胺对花鲈的急性毒性实验研究。口服急性毒性实验中,通过在饲料中添加不同浓度的三聚氰胺(0、500、2000、5000及10000mg/kg),进行了21d的花鲈养殖实验。实验结果表明:三聚氰胺溶解度较低,其水溶液没有表现出急性毒性,LC50>3500mg/L;而在腹腔注射致毒方式下,三聚氰胺对花鲈的半致死剂量LD50=890.07mg/kg.w;LD5095%可信限为:778.63-1017.45mg/kg.w;在口服急性毒性实验中,10000mg/kg组三聚氰胺降低了花鲈的摄食与生长(p<0.05),饲料系数显著升高(p<0.05);三聚氰胺对花鲈的存活率、肥满度、肝体比及脏体比均无显著影响(p>0.05)。饲料中添加三聚氰胺没有显著影响花鲈血清的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总蛋白、葡萄糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯及尿素氮(p>0.05),但显著影响了花鲈血清的碱性磷酸酶活性,10000mg/kg组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他各处理组(p<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(p>0.05)。三聚氰胺对花鲈21d的最大未观察到有害作用剂量(NOAEL,no-observed-adverse-effect-level)为131.99mg/kg.w.d。Melamine had become the focus of feed safety assessment because of the tainted pet food and milk powder scandal happened in 2007 and 2008. Melamine is a high nitrogen content industrial chemical material,but it was falsely added to protein sources to enhance the apparent protein content for the bigger profit. In this study, the acute toxic experiments （including touching test,injection test and oral test） were conducted on Japanese sea bass （Lateolabraxjaponicus） to assess the safety of melamine in fish. In touching test,Japanese sea bass （50g ± 0.1lg） were exposed to 0 and 3500mg/L melamine solution at 27℃ for 96h,no feed was provided to the experimental fish during trial,the mortality of the Japanese sea bass were calculated after 96h;In injection test, the melamine was injected into Japanese sea bass （75g ± 1.1 g） at 0, 200,360,648,1166.4 and 2099.52 mg/kg · w levels from the abdomen, respectively, lasted for 14d in a recirculation rearing system,and the fish were fed once daily,the mortality of Japanese sea bass were calculated after 14d, LD50 and the confidence limitation of LD50 95% were calculated using Korbor method;In oral test,the effects of melamine in feeds on the feed intake, growth performance, serum parameters of Japanese sea bass were investigated. The concentrations of melamine in experimental diets were 0,500,2000,5000 and 10000 mg/kg respectively,each diet was fed to triplicate groups of the experimental fish,the initial body weight of Japanese sea bass was 30.58 ± 0.05g, fish were reared in a rearing system for 21d. The results showed that the solubility of melamine was low and the LCs0 was beyond 3500 mg/L at 27 ℃ in touching test. The LDsoof Japanese sea bass in injection test was 890.07mg/kg · w,and the confidence limitation of LD50 95% was 778.63--1017.45 mg/kg · w. In oral test,the feeding intake and growth performance were significantly decreased and the feed conversion ratio was significantly increased in 10000mg/kg melamine treatment （p 〈 0.05 ） ,there

关 键 词：三聚氰胺 花鲈 急性毒性实验 

分 类 号：X503.225[环境科学与工程—环境工程]