温度对发头裸腹溞生殖能力的影响  

EFFECT OF THE TEMPERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTION CAPACITY OF MOINA IRRASA

作　　者：施心路[1,2] 鲍双燕[1] 刘桂杰[1] 齐彩花[1] 崔木子[1] 张志兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学,杭州市动物科学与技术重点实验室,杭州310036 [2]哈尔滨师范大学生命与环境科学学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2009年第2期200-206,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30670222);淡水生态与生物技术国家开放实验室基金(009BF11);中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室基金(2006027);浙江省动物学重点学科基金部分项目资助

摘　　要：在实验室培养条件下饲以充足食物,对不同温度下发头裸腹溞(Moinairrasa)的最大生殖能力进行了研究。结果表明:在5个不同温度((15±1)℃、(20±1)℃、(25±1)℃、(30±1)℃、(35±1)℃)条件下,发头裸腹溞最大生殖个体的体长可达1.93mm;性成熟所需的时间分别为:4.0d、2.36d、1.40d、1.31d和1.0d;各成龄期平均产仔量为:(24.78±4.29)个、(19.1±2.42)个、(26.25±5.71)个、(27.62±2.72)个和(19.47±3.29)个;平均累计产仔量则为:(87±26)个、(159±39.5)个、(239±21.9)个、(130.9±36.1)个、(81.6±17.0)个。发头裸腹溞的最适生殖温度在25—30℃之间,25℃时其累计生殖量最大,为(239±21.9)个。生殖的极限温度最高约为38℃,生活的临界温度最高在40℃。温度低于11℃时发头裸腹溞已不适合进行孤雌生殖诓煌露忍跫?发头裸腹溞性成熟所需的时间与水温的关系可用回归方程表示为:h=7231.4t-1.6167。本文亦对同属中几个相近种的生殖能力及相关生物学现象进行了探讨。Samples of the Moina irrasa were collected in Gudang irrigation canal, a small canal for agriculture in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province （30°17′N, 120°07′E）, and were given abundant food （fed with Scenedesmus obliquus at about the density of 3 × 10^5 cells /mL）. The juveniles from the female parent were isolated and cultured in different temperatures （ （ 15 ±1 ）℃ , （20 ±1 ）℃ , （25 ±1 ）℃ , （30 ±1 ）℃ , （35 ±1 ）℃） respectively. The experiment was carried out under a constant light regime of 12h light： 12h dark. Observed four times each day, the body length was measured,the instars duration and the brood size were recorded. Mature age of M. irrasa was related to water temperature in inverse ratio,the relationship between mature age and wa- ter temperature at 15--35℃ could be expressed by formula： h = 7231.4t-16167 ,and the mature age was delayed to 19.3d visibly at （11 ±1 ）℃. It was found that M. irrasa has 3 pre-aduh instars,3--8 adult instars at 15℃ ,30℃ and 35℃ respectively, 12--13 adult instars at 20 and 25℃. The mean longevity of individuals was estimated to be 13.6 ＋ 2. 1 days or 12.2 ＋ 3.1 instars at 25℃ and 36.2 ± 5.2 days or 6.8 ± 3. 1 instars at 15℃. At 15--35℃ ,the lower temperature,the more brood size of the first adult instars. The maximum egg production of the first adult instars was 19.8±1.7 at 15 ± 1℃. From the 4th instars （ part of individual from the 5＇h at （ 15 ±1 ） ℃ ） ,M. irrasa began to reproduce,the egg production increased with the instars,but began to declined after the maximum egg production appeared. The experiment showed,the instars that reached the most fecundity were different in each temperature. Usually,the maximum brood size was observed from the third to the fifth adult instars. The body length was 1.12-- 1.45mm at （15±1 ） ℃,1.06--1.47mm at （30±1 ） ℃ and 1.05--1.43mm at （30±1 ） ℃,the fecundity increased with the body length. The body length at （20 ±1 ） ℃

关 键 词：淡水枝角类 裸腹溞属 发头裸腹溞 温度 生殖 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]