利用前茬作物残茎根防除直播稻田杂草  

The utilization of crop residues from former rotation to control weeds in direct-seeding rice field

作　　者：王敬亚[1] 董立尧[1] 李俊[1] 张宏军[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院农药科学系,农业部作物病虫害监测与防控重点开放实验室,南京210095 [2]农业部农药检定所生物测定室,北京100026

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2009年第1期82-88,共7页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2006BAD08A09)

摘　　要：采用滤纸培养皿法,研究了五种油菜和七种小麦残茎根对直播稻田主要杂草千金子、稗草和鳢肠的化感抑草作用,并采用模拟大田环境的盆钵法对抑草作用较强的品种进行验证试验和对下茬水稻的安全性进行评估。结果显示:史力丰和汇油50两个油菜品种的水提取液对三种杂草均表现出较好的抑制作用,尤其对千金子的萌发抑制作用较强,抑制率分别为65.33%和55.33%,对杂草的幼根也具有十分明显的抑制作用,化感指数RI值分别达到-0.82和-0.85;不同浓度的史力丰残茎根的水提取液对杂草表现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的现象;模拟大田试验中,史力丰的残茎根在25kg/m3的混土用量下能很好地抑制千金子、稗草和鳢肠生长,RI值分别可达-0.91、-0.64和-0.67,且对水稻较安全。研究表明,在田间留一定量的史力丰残茎根进行浅耕混土处理是杂草生态防除的一项有效措施。The allelopathy of the straws of five oilseed rape varieties and seven wheat varieties was investigated by using petri dish bioassay on the predominant weeds in direct-seeding rice field, such as Leptochloa chinensis, Echinochloa crusgall and Eclipta prostrate. Subsequently, the control effects of screened varieties were confirmed under simulated field conditions in green house, as well as its safety to rice. The results showed that two oilseed rape varieties, Shilifeng and Huiyou 50, exhibited great inhibition to all the three species weeds mentioned above, especially on the seed germination of L. chinensis with percentage inhibition of seed germination of 65.33% and 55.33% , respectively. Also they could inhibit the root growth of weeds, of which the response index （RI） could reach to -0.82 and -0.85, respectively. It was observed that the aqueous extraction from residues of Shilifeng could promote weed growth at low concentrations and inhibit the growth at high concentrations. In greenhouse experiment, the straws of Shilifeng could effectively control weeds, of which the response index could reach to - 0.91, - 0.64,- 0.67, respectively, and be safe to rice growth at the rate of 25 kg/m^3. The experiments showed that superficial incorporation with the straws of Shilifeng could be adopted as an effective strategy in integratedweed management.

关 键 词：作物残茎根 化感抑草作用 生态防除 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]