福建主要粮油作物测土配方施肥指标体系研究--Ⅱ．土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾丰缺指标  

Soil conditions and formulated fertilization for major crops in Fujian Ⅱ. Sufficiency indices of alkali-hydrolyzable N,olsen-P and available K in Soil

作　　者：章明清[1] 徐志平 姚宝全 林琼[1] 陈子聪[1] 李娟[1] 颜明娟[1] 张建丽 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农田建设与土肥技术总站,福建福州350003 [3]福建省农产品质量检测检验中心,福建福州350003

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2009年第1期68-74,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)合作项目(Fujian-13);国家科技支撑项目(2008BADA4B10;2006BAD25B08-3);国家测土配方施肥补贴项目(2005)

摘　　要：根据田间试验结果,将土壤肥力水平划分为"高"、"中"、"低"3个等级,建立福建省主要粮油作物土壤速效氮磷钾丰缺指标。在校验曲线模型选择上,碱解氮和Olsen-P分别选择对数模型和指数模型,速效钾则选择幂指数模型。结果表明,山区早稻碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的临界指标分别是217 mg.kg-1、26 mg.kg-1、116 mg.kg-1,晚稻则分别为211 mg.kg-1、19 mg.kg-1、105 mg.kg-1;中稻则分别为230 mg.kg-1、24 mg.kg-1、109 mg.kg-1;沿海早稻碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的临界指标分别是193 mg.kg-1、18 mg.kg-1、105 mg.kg-1,晚稻则分别是183 mg.kg-1、17 mg.kg-1、82 mg.kg-1;甘薯土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的临界指标分别为141 mg.kg-1、20 mg.kg-1、135 mg.kg-1,马铃薯分别是207 mg.kg-1、35 mg.kg-1、97 mg.kg-1,花生则分别是123 mg.kg-1、24 mg.kg-1、87 mg.kg-1。水田和旱地土壤碱解氮分别有93.8%和89.5%的土样属于"中"、"低"水平,Olsen-P则分别有62.9%和59.9%的土样属于"高"水平,速效钾则分别有66.5%和87.4%的土样属于"中"、"低"水平,与氮磷钾肥肥效试验结果一致。This paper illustrates a system, based on the field tests completed, that divided soil fertility into high, medium and low grades and established indices to show the degree of sufficiency or deficiency on available N and P and K in soil for the major crops in Fujian. The results indicated that the logarithm model fitted best for calibrating the alkali-hydrolyzable N,the exponential model for Olsen-P and power model for available K. The critical value of the soil＇s available nutrient was affected by crop nutrient requirement and planting time. In the mountainous area, the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 217,26 and 116 mg · kg^-1 , respectively; for the late-season rice, 211,19 and 105 mg· kg^-1 , respectively; and for the mid-season rice, 230, 24 and 109 mg· kg^-1 ,respectively. In the coastal area,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 193,18 and 105 mg· kg^-1 , respectively; and for the late-season rice, 183,17 and 82 mg· kg^-1 ,respectively. For the upland crops,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N and Olsen-P and available K for sweet potatoes were 141,20 and 135 mg· kg^-1 ,respectively; for potatoes,207,35 and 97mg· kg^-1 , respectively; and for peanuts, 123,24 and 87 mg· kg^-1 , respectively. The soil’s available nutrient evaluation showed that,based on soil＇s alkali-hydrolyzable N,93.8% of the paddy soil were of medium grade,and 89.5% of the upland soil samples were of low grades. On the basis of Olsen-P,62.9% of the paddy soils,while 59.9% of the upland soil samples, were of high grade. When the available K was taken into account, 66.5 % of the paddy soils were considered medium and 87.4% of the upland soils low fertility. These results were in agreement with the conclusions drawn from field experiments that showed N and K high fertilizer efficiency and P lower efficiency.

关 键 词：粮油作物 碱解氮 Olsen—P 速效钾 丰缺指标 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]