近47年(1961—2007年)内蒙古地区降水和气温的时空变化特征  

Temporal-spatial Characteristics of Precipitation and Temperature in Inner Mongolia for the Last 47 Years (1961—2007)

作　　者：高涛 肖苏君[2] 乌兰 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古气象信息中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《内蒙古气象》2009年第1期3-7,F0003,共6页Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia

摘　　要：文章在对内蒙古118个测站47年(1961—2007年)气温和降水的观测记录做了基本统计分析,总结归纳了在全球气候变化背景下内蒙古地区气温和降水的时空变化特征,结果表明:内蒙古地区降水的空间变化以20世纪60年代全区大范围普遍偏少,70年代东部偏少、西部略多,80年代东部偏多、中西部偏少和90年代全区普遍偏多为特征,特别在21世纪的前7年间,全区降水大范围偏少,尤以东部地区为重,东北部地区比常年降水偏少86.3mm。在20世纪60—90年代间,全区降水总量的时间变化趋势不明显,60—70年代略偏少,80—90年代略偏多,最大变化幅度为10.7mm,但值得关注的是,在21世纪的前7年间,全区总降水量比常年偏少35.5mm。过去几十年间,全区的平均气温在波动中不断上升,21世纪的前7年间的气温比气候均值(1971—2000年)上升了0.92℃,比20世纪60年代的平均气温增加了1.65℃。空间变化以中部增温最多、城市及经济较发达地区增温速度较快为特征,这种增温一方面受气候自然变率的影响,另一方面也受到探测环境变化的影响。With climate background of the global warming, the temperature and precipitation of Inner Mongolia （I.M.） have varied in certain degrees in the past several decades. The temporal-spatial distribution characteristics have been carried out through comprehensive investigations in those two elements at 118 observation stations scattered all over the region for the last forty-seven years （from 1961 to 2007）. The results indicate that in spatial distribution, the annual rainfall was less than normal over the most part of I. M. during the 1960＇s; In the 1970＇s, it had more precipitation in the western region of I.M. and less than normal rainfall in the eastern part; Comparing to the rainfall distribution of the 1970＇s the positive anomaly rain area moved to the eastern region and the western area of I.M. had a negative anomaly for the 1980＇s; During the last decade of the 20th century, large part of I.M. had more precipitation, and the whole region had much less rainfall within the first seven years of the 21st century, especially in the eastern part where is counted with -35.5mm rainfall anomaly. In time series of annual precipitation over the whole region, no significant trend can be seen during the period of 1961--2000. A little negative rainfall anomaly appeared in 1961--1980, and a little positive anomaly for the 1981--2000, the biggest anomaly among those four decades is 10.7mm. In addition, a remarkable fact performed in the first seven years of the 21st century should be noticed, that is the amount of the annual precipitation was 35.5mm below the climate mean value （1971--2000）. The mean temperature of I.M. has been increasing continuously in a fluetuant way during .the last decades. Comparing to the climate normal （1971--2000）, the temperature of the whole region has increased by 0.92℃ for the time of 2001--2007, and by 1.65℃ comparing with the mean temperature of the 1960＇s. In spatial distribution, the most notable region with a remarkable warming is the central part, so as in ci

关 键 词：气温 降水 时空变化特征 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]