以相对历日关系探讨金文月相词语的范围  

Using Sequential Relations of Day-dates to Determine the Temporal Scope of W.Zhou Lunar Phase Terms

作　　者：徐凤先[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100010

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2009年第1期89-101,共13页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:10873039)

摘　　要：金文月相词语的含义是西周年代学的难点。设计了一种方法,避开每件铜器属于哪个王世以及每个王在位的历史年代的问题,选择7组包含两个或两个以上月相历日的金文材料,由历日的相对限制关系探讨各个月相词语的可能范围。结果认为既生霸和既死霸的范围当分别包含一个月的上半月和下半月,初吉是一个月前面的若干日,大约是指初干吉日。The meaning of the lunar phase terms in bronze inscriptions is a difficult problem in W. Zhou chronology. The present article presents a method which avoids the questions of historical date and reign length of each king, and instead investigates the possible range of meaning of each lunar phase term by means of the relational constraints imposed by the calendar dates themselves. Seven groups of materials were selected, each having two or more lunar phases and calendar dates so their separation in days could be calculated. Within each group of inscriptions arithmetic constraints then make it possible to establish the range of days to which the lunar phase term could possibly refer. The results obtained from the seven groups are all consistent： jishengpo and jisipo ought to refer to the waxing and waning halves of the month, respectively. Churl refers to certain days at the begin- ning of the month, probably the first occurrence of the auspicious heavenly stems （gan）.

关 键 词：金文 月相词语 初吉 既生霸 既望 既死霸 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]