无融合生殖--无性种子的形成过程  

Apomixis——The Process of Asexual Seed Formation

作　　者：郝建华[1,2] 强胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学杂草研究室,南京210095 [2]常熟理工学院生物与食品工程学院,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第2期377-387,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB109202)

摘　　要：无融合生殖是一种通过种子进行无性繁殖的过程。目前国际上通用的无融合生殖概念是指二倍体无融合生殖,即发生在被子植物胚珠中的不经减数分裂和受精作用而产生种子的生殖方式。尽管目前已在被子植物52个科的400多种植物中发现了无融合生殖植物,但作物中普遍缺乏无融合生殖特性。本文介绍了无融合生殖的发生类型,对无融合植物的分布情况以及近年来国内外新发现的无融合生殖种进行了归纳和整理,总结了无融合生殖的遗传学控制和分子机理研究方面的最新进展,对无融合生殖在农业中的应用和生态学意义等问题进行了讨论。Apomixis is a natural trait of reproduction in which embryo is formed without the union of male and female gametes. It is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development. According to this international prevalent idea, only unreduced apomixis, nor reduced apomixis, is referred to it. Apomictic processes have been observed in more than 400 plant species spanning 40 different families in angiosperms and are most common in the Poaceae, Asteraces, Rosaceae and Rutaceae, but appears to be absent in important crops. This paper is concerned with some aspects of apomixis, such as cytoembryoic mode, distribution in angiosperms, new species or straits with trait of apomixes. The progress of genetics, molecular mechanism of apomixis, and its application prospect in agriculture and the ecological significance were discussed.

关 键 词：无融合生殖 无孢子生殖 二倍体孢子生殖 不定胚 无性繁殖 种子 

分 类 号：S33[农业科学—作物遗传育种]