中高层大气瞬态发光事件(TLEs)及可能的影响  

Transient Luminous Events(TLEs)at High Altitudes above Thunderstorms and Their Possible Effects

作　　者：郄秀书[1] 吕达仁[1] 卞建春[1] 杨静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测重点实验室(LAGEO),北京100029

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2009年第3期286-296,共11页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"地球γ-射线闪(TGFs)机理及其与闪电的联系研究"(编号:40774083);国家自然科学基金项目"Redsprites地基光学观测及其产生机理研究"(编号:40804028)共同资助

摘　　要：中高层大气瞬态发光事件(TLEs)是发生于活跃雷暴上空平流层和中间层的一类快速大气放电现象。根据光辐射的形态特征和发生位置的不同,可将已发现的TLEs归纳为4类:由电离层快速向下发展的Red Sprites(又称红色精灵,红闪);由雷暴云顶部向上发展的Blue Jets(又称蓝色喷流,蓝激流);由闪电激发的低电离层区域的圆环状放电ELVEs(Emissions of Light and VLF per-turbation due to EMP Sources,又称光辐射和EMP源引起的甚低频扰动)和由云顶向电离层快速向上发展的Gigantic Jets(又称巨大喷流)。对已有的TLEs现象学和形态特征的观测事实以及物理机制和理论研究等进行了回顾,讨论了TLEs对平流层和中间层大气以及电离层的可能影响,并提出了目前在TLEs理论方面尚未解决的问题,指出了进一步观测和理论研究的必要性。Transient luminous events （TLEs） are large scale optical events occurring at high altitudes, which are related to the electrical activity in underlying thunderstorms. The known TLEs can be classified into four categories, Red Sprites that develop at the base of the ionosphere and move rapidly downward; Blue Jets, which emanate from the top of thunderclouds up to an altitude of 40 kin; ELVEs, which occurred in the lower ionosphere region and can spread over 300 km laterally ; and upward moving Gigantic Jets, which establish a direct path of electrical connection between thundercloud tops and the lower ionosphere. An attempt was made to summarize the general phenomenology on morphological features of TLEs based on the available experimental data and the interpretation of these observed features with modeling efforts. The effects of TLEs on the stratosphere, mesosphere and ionosphere were discussed. Finally, a need for observation aimed data accumulation and further theoretical study of TLEs were identified, and some presently unsolved problems in the theory of TLEs were outlined.

关 键 词：中高层瞬态发光事件 平流层 电离层 闪电 雷暴 

分 类 号：P427[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]