几种化肥和农药对新农药硫肟醚光解的影响  

Effects of some chemical fertilizers and insecticides on photodegradation of novel insecticide sulfoxime in aqueous solution

作　　者：成四喜[1] 欧晓明[1] 马俊凯[2] 雷满香[1] 任竞[1] 王晓光[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南化工研究院国家农药创制工程技术研究中心,长沙410007 [2]华中师范大学化学学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第1期9-12,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家科技攻关重点项目(2001BA308A02-10;2004BA308A21-4)

摘　　要：硫肟醚是我国研制的具有自主知识产权的新型杀虫剂,在室内紫外光(λ=254 nm)照射下研究了几种化学肥料和杀虫剂对硫肟醚在水溶液中光解的影响。结果表明,硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钙、尿素、乐果、甲萘威和溴虫腈分别与硫肟醚以质量比1:1混合后,硫肟醚的光解速率有不同程度的改变。硝酸钾使硫肟醚在水溶液中表现出明显的光敏化降解效应。磷酸二氢钙表现为较强的光猝灭降解作用。尿素对硫肟醚在水体中光解效应的影响随光照时间而异,开始(10 min)表现为弱的光猝灭效应,20 min后随时间延长而表现出光敏化作用,若继续延长光照时间到60 min后,则又呈现出光猝灭效应。甲萘威和溴虫腈使硫肟醚在水溶液中的光解速率下降,表现出明显的光猝灭降解效应。乐果对硫肟醚在水体中光解速率的影响因光照时间而异,先表现为弱的光敏化降解作用,光照时间延长到120 min时,乐果对硫肟醚在水体中的降解转为微弱的光猝灭效应。硫肟醚在含硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钙、尿素、乐果、甲萘威和溴虫腈水溶液中的光解半衰期分别为10.65min、29.63 min、22.01 min、13.4 min、28.44 min和41.61 min,而在不含任何农药化肥的纯净水中的光解半衰期为22.3 min。This paper is intended to present the authors＇ study results over the effect of some chemical fertilizers and insecticides on the photodegradation of novel insecticide sulfoxime （code： HNPC- A9908 ） [ O-（ 3-phenoxybcnzyl ）-2-methylthio-1-（ 4-chlorophenyl ） propyl ketone oxime ] in aqueous solution under the irradiation of ultraviolet light （λ = 254 nm） in the laboratory. The experimental results of ours have shown that the photodegradation rate of sulfoxime tends to vary when the insecticide sulfoxime is combined with the chemical substances such as KNO3, Ca （ H2PO3 ）2, urea, dimethoate, carbaryl and chlofenapyr at 1：1 ratio, respectively. KNO3 proves to contribute to enhancing the photodegradation rate of sulfoxime, thus indicating it may have a significant photosensitization. On the other hand, Ca （H2PO3 ）2 tends to reduce the pho- todegradafion rate of sulfoxime, which means an obvious photoextinction effect. Our experiments also reveal that effect of urea on photolysis of sulfoxime varies with the illumination time, showing a weak photoextinction at the illumination time 10 min, a photosensitization from 20 - 40 rain illumination time and a photoextinction after 60 min illumination time. Carbaryl and chlofenapyr may delay the photodegradation of sulfoxime in aqueous solution, which manifests an obvious photoextinction effect. However, the influence of dimethoate on photolysis of sulfoxime proves to rely on the illuminating time, too, which means a weak photosensitization at first, and then a weak photoextinction when the illuminating time prolongs to 120 rain. The half-lives of the suffoxime photolysis in the solutions containing KNO3, Ca（H2PO3）2, urea, dimethoate, carbaryl and chlofenapyr prove to be 10.65 min, 29.63 min, 22.01 min, 13.4 min, 28.44 min and 41.61 min, respectively. And particularly speaking, it would be 22.3 min in the pure water without either pesticides or chemical fertilizers.

关 键 词：农药环境化学 硫肟醚(HNPC-A9908) 光解动力学 光猝灭效应 光敏化效应 化肥 农药 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S481.8[农业科学—农药学]