液氨储罐泄漏中毒事故的个人风险分析  

Personal risk analysis over the ammonia poisoning accidents caused by the use of liquid ammonia tanks

作　　者：相艳景[1] 刘茂[1] 张永强[1] 李清水[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学城市公共安全研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第1期176-179,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(200603746006)

摘　　要：分析液氨储罐泄漏中毒事故的个人风险,为厂区的安全规划及防护措施方案的制订提供科学依据。以天津某化工厂液氨储罐为例,根据中毒事故个人风险计算方法计算液氨储罐周围区域的个人风险值,同时采用Surfer 8.0软件绘制该区域的个人风险等值线,实现风险分析结果在地图信息中的可视化。结果表明,液氨储罐泄漏可能会造成严重中毒事故;中毒事故个人风险值受该地区风向概率影响较大。首次将Surfer 8.0软件应用于绘制个人风险等值线,展示了该软件在表示个人风险方面很大的应用和推广价值。This paper is aimed to provide its authors＇ analysis over the personal risk of the ammonia poisoning accidents caused by the use of liquid ammonia tanks. As is known, liquid ammonia is a toxic material and widely used in chemical plants. Liquid ammonia leakage accidents took place from time to time, often leading to serious poisoning consequences. Therefore, it has been an urgent need to analyze the likely causes that may result in such hazards so as to ensure the secure planning and protective measures for the plant production, which makes it particularly necessary to analyze the potential hazards and their likely causes. The present paper has taken a Tianjin chemical plant as a case study and made a detailed investigation over the area in and around the plant. To be exact, we have developed a calculation model to evaluate the likely hazards, by using the method of probability function, the most likely suitable method for a single-exposure that the Chemical Center for Chemical Process Safety in the American Institute of Chemical Engineers is in favor of. With the method, the potentially existing personal risk in an area surrounding the hquid ammonia tank can be calculated by using the isolated hne, or isoline, drawn by Surfer 8.0 software, which is developed by the above said in American Company, including the contour and the three-dimensional topographical map. With the Surfer 8.0 software, the users can be made to visualize the would-be hazards and its consequences through analyzing the topographical information. Thus, we found that Suffer 8.0 software is worthy of application and promotion.

关 键 词：安全工程 液氨 中毒事故 个人风险等值线 SURFER 8.0软件 

分 类 号：X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]