杂交水稻超高产优质强化栽培技术研究  

Study on the Intensified Cultivation Techniques of Hybrid Rice For High-yield And High Quality

作　　者：陈金平 段仁周 彭保宏 董世界 卢兆成 张应香 丰大清 徐宏[4] 陈世雄 张强 刘立明 王广甫 

机构地区：[1]河南省信阳市农业科学研究所,河南信阳464000 [2]信阳市农业气象站,河南信阳464000 [3]河南信阳平桥区农业局,河南信阳平桥464100 [4]潢川县农业科学研究所,河南潢川464500 [5]息县农业科学研究所,河南息县464300 [6]桐柏县农业科学研究所,河南桐柏474700

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第5期138-142,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省重大科技攻关项目"优质专用水稻新品种选育及产业化技术开发"部分内容(0422010200)

摘　　要：针对水稻生产上影响杂交水稻品种自身增产潜力的主要因素，研究分析了：不同栽插叶龄、不同栽培模式、不同分蘖穗、不同茎蘖苗的穗粒性状及其对产量的影响等，结果表明：8叶前分蘖穗占总穗数的比例越大产量越高，且分蘖穗的粒数、结实率、千粒重也较高，甚至超过主茎穗；强化栽培高于常规栽培的穗粒数、总颖花量和产量；最高苗数控制在所需穗数的1．1～1．2倍时产量最高；穗总粒数和实粒数与主茎顶部四叶平均长度呈显著正相关。并运用三围立体强化栽培方法，提出了杂交稻超高产优质强化栽培策略及综合配套技术措施：即①盘式育秧，低叶龄小苗多头移栽，争取穗足穗大；②增施有机肥料，确保稳健平衡生长；③严格控制中期群体，提高成穗率；④巧施穗肥粒肥，优化冠层叶片配置；⑤防治病虫草害，确保活棵成熟，提高千粒重和结实率。从而使杂交水稻有效穗达到300万／hm^2左右，穗平实粒数达到180～210粒，穗平颖花量达到200～230粒，结实率稳定调解在80％～90％之间，有效解决了穗足稳大稳结实的库、源、流矛盾，实现了12000kg／hm^2以上的高产优质目标。The author studied the following main factors effecting on hybrid rice varieties yield potential .They are different leaf planting, different cultivations and different tiller ear, different stern tiller seedlings and different characters and the grain yield. Results showed that： 8 before the tiller of the ear of the total ears of the greater proportion of higher production and tillers of the ear grains and seed-setting rate, higher grain weight, even more than the main stem ear; SRI higher than the conventional cultivation. Ear number of spikelets and production; control of the maximum number of seedlings in the ears of 1.1-1.2 times the required output at the highest spike of grains and grains and is at the top of the four main stem of the average length was significantly correlated . And the three-dimensional strengthen cultivation methods were used, The super high-yielding hybrid rice cultivation of quality strategy and strengthen the complex technical measures were put forward. （1） disc seedling, low leaf transplanting balance growth; （2） strictly control seedlings longs for big panicles;（3） by organic fertilizer to ensure healthy medium-term population, increasing ear rate （4） application of ear and grain fertilizer, optimizing the allocation of canopy leaves; （5） pest control to ensure that live and mature, increase seed weight and seed-setting rate. So that hybrid rice panicle reached 3 000 000/hm2 around, full grains reached 180-210 per panicle, spikelets reach 200-230 per panicle, stabilizing setting rate at 80-90 per cent, an effective solution to the contradictions of base, source, flow with adequate panicle number and large panicles, and the realization of yield and quality objectives of 12000 kg / hm2.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 高产优质 三围立体强化栽培 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]