管理措施对我国草地土壤有机碳的影响  

Effects of managements on soil organic carbon of grassland in China

作　　者：石锋[1,2] 李玉娥[1,2] 高清竹[1,2] 万运帆[1,2] 秦晓波[1,2] 金琳[1,2] 刘运通[1,2] 武艳娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部农业环境与气候变化开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《草业科学》2009年第3期9-15,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"气候变化对藏北地区高寒草地退化过程的影响"(40775062);执行<联合国气候变化框架公约>的支撑技术研究(2007BAC03A07)

摘　　要：基于中国期刊网和外文数据库以及《中国土种志》和《中国草地资源》等文献中有关我国草地管理措施及其土壤有机碳的数据,分析不同管理措施下草地土壤表层有机碳变化量。结果表明：由于各草地类型土壤质地、气候条件有所不同,因此在不同管理措施下土壤有机碳的年际变化量也存在着差异。其中,高寒草甸各管理措施下土壤有机碳变化范围最大为-5.62～1.26 t/（hm^2·a）,温性荒漠草原最小为-0.85～0.68t/（hm^2·a）,而其他草地类型有机碳年变化范围分别为温性草甸草原-3.74～0.68 t/（hm^2·a）,高寒草原-3.62～0.04 t/（hm^2·a）,温性草原-2.4～1.07 t/（hm^2·a）,暖性灌草丛-1.94～0.64 t/（hm^2·a）;同时,利用Meta分析法估算中国主要草地类型各管理措施下土壤碳年际变化量可以得出：过牧管理措施下土壤有机碳的年减少量最大[-2.34 t/（hm^2·a）],重牧[-1.52 t/（hm^2·a）]〉轻牧[-0.54 t/（hm^2·a）]〉中牧[-0.49 t/（hm^2·a）],而补播管理下土壤有机碳的年增加量最大[0.9 t/（hm^2·a）],围封、禁牧2种管理措施次之,分别为0.48和0.19 t/（hm^2·a）。可见,我国草地表层土壤有机碳年变化量在不合理管理方式下对草地土壤有机碳的积累具有不利影响,而补播、禁牧则有益于中国草地的固碳作用。Based on the statistic data related to the grassland management and soil organic carbon in ＂China Soil Series＂,＂Rangeland Resources of China＂,China periodical magazine website and database in foreign languages,the changing amount of soil organic carbon in surface layer of grassland under different managements was analyzed.The result indicated that the yearly change of the soil organic carbon in each type of grassland varied under the different grassland managements because of the different soil textures and climatic conditions.The range of variation was the largest under the different management in alpine meadow（-5.62 to 1.26 t/hm^2） while the variation was the smallest in temperate desert steppe（-0.85 to 0.68 t/hm^2）.The variation ranges for other types of grassland were-3.74 to 0.68 t/hm^2 in temperate meadow,-3.62 to 0.04 t/hm^2 in alpine steppe,-2.4 to 1.07 t/hm^2 in temperate steppe and-1.94 to 0.64 t/hm^2 in shrubby grassland respectively.Meanwhile the Meta analysis method was used to estimate the yearly changing amount of soil carbon under different management patterns and the result indicated that the order of soil organic carbon amount was overgrazing（-2.34 t/hm^2）〉heavy grazing（-1.52 t/hm^2） 〉 light grazing（-0.54 t/hm^2） 〉 medium grazing（-0.49 t/hm^2）,while the yearly increasing amount of soil organic carbon was the highest in the re-sowed grassland（0.90 t/hm^2）,followed by enclosure grassland（0.48 t/hm^2） and grazing forbidden grassland（0.19 t/hm^2）.It could be concluded that the improper managements such as over grazing would negatively influence the accumulation of soil organic carbon while the re-sowing and enclosure would help the accumulation of soil organic carbon.

关 键 词：中国 草地生态系统 土壤有机碳 管理活动 META分析 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学] S153.62[农业科学—畜牧学]