居贝特表面活性剂的合成和表面性质研究  被引量:5

Study of Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of Novel Guerbet Surfactants

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作  者:徐志成[1] 周朝辉[1] 靳志强[1] 赵濉[1] 俞稼镛[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,北京100080

出  处:《精细化工》2009年第3期248-251,共4页Fine Chemicals

摘  要:以短碳链辛醇为起始原料制备了具有Guerbet结构的十六烷基失水甘油醚(Ⅰ)和具有Guerbet结构的十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚(EO),的失水甘油醚(Ⅱ)以及它们对应的阳离子和两性离子表面活性剂(Ⅲ-Ⅵ)。Ⅲ-Ⅵ表面活性剂的结构如下:N-(3-支链十六烷氧基-2-羟丙基)-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(Ⅲ),N-[3-支链十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚(EO)3-2-羟丙基]-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(Ⅳ),N-(3-支链十六烷氧基-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基羧酸甜菜碱(Ⅴ),Ⅳ-[3-支链十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚(EO)3-2-羟丙基]-N,N-二甲基羧酸甜菜碱(Ⅵ)。通过硅胶柱色谱分离和重结晶,对所得6种化合物进行了纯化。用IR、^1HNMR和ESI—MS鉴定了Ⅰ-Ⅵ的结构。并对Ⅲ-Ⅵ的表面张力进行了测定。结果表明,由于这些表面活性剂具有独特的Guerbet亲油基结构,使其具有较低的CMC(10^-5-10^-6moL/L)和γCMC(25-27mN/m),有良好的表面活性和应用潜力。The Guerbet alkyl glycidyl ether ( Ⅰ ) and the Guerbet alkyl polyoxyethylene ether ( Ⅱ ) were prepared by using short alkyl chain alcohol as the starting material. Cationic and zwitterionic counterparts of 2,3-epoxypropyl 2-(pentyl) nonyl ether( Ⅰ ) ( Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively) and 1,3-pentyl- 2,5,8,11-tetraoxaecosyloxirane ( Ⅱ ) ( Ⅴ and Ⅵ respectively) were also prepared. Syntematic names of these four compounds synthesized are as follows: N, N, N-trimethyl-N-[2-(penlyl) nonyloxy-2 (hydroxy) propyl ] ammonium chloride ( Ⅲ ), N, N, N-trimethyl-N-[ 2-hydroxy-15-pentyl-4,7,10, 13- tetraoxadocosyl ] ammonium chloride ( Ⅳ ), { N, N-dimethyl-N-[ ( 2-pentyl )-nonyloxy-( 2-hydroxy ) propyl] ammonio } acetate ( Ⅴ ) and {N, N-dimethyl-N-[ 2-hydroxy-15-pentyl-4, 7, 10, 13- tetraoxadocosyl] ammonio} acetate (Ⅵ). Pure products were obtained by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization in propanone solution. Their structures were identified by IR, ESI - MS and ^1HNMR. The values of CMC and γCMC of the four surfactants have been determined. These surfactants have the relatively low values of CMC (10^-5 - 10^-6 mol/L) and γCMC (25 - 27 mN/m) owing to their unique Guerbet structure. They might be excellent surfactants for practical use.

关 键 词:表面活性剂 支链 失水甘油醚 表面性质 

分 类 号:TQ423[化学工程] O647.2[理学—物理化学]

 

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