论保险告知义务的理论基础与制度架构——以保险双方的利益衡平为视角  

On Theoretical Basis and System Frame of Disclosure Obligation in Insurance——With the Balance of the Two Parties' Interests as a Viewpoint

作　　者：何亮亮[1] 钮敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学法律系,南京210044

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第2期74-79,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：建立在概率论与大数法则基础上的保险经济制度务求保险人在订立合同前正确预测与评估保险标的危险状况并以此决定是否承保及确定保险费率,借以维持保险业收支平衡。然现代社会中保险标的极具广泛性和复杂性,投保人(或被保险人)最为了解保险标的状况且通常是最廉价的信息提供者,而保险人自行调查成本高昂又往往难收成效。基于保险交易中的信息不对称,保险经营活动依赖于投保人的如实告知,各国保险立法均将告知义务作为一项基本制度予以明确规定。随着科学技术和保险经营水平不断发展,告知义务制度赖以产生和存在的基础发生变化,投保人的告知义务亦应适当减轻,以实现投保人与保险人之间、投保人与危险共同体之间利益格局的动态平衡。According to economic insurance system based on probability theory and law of large numbers, insurers should first make prediction and calculation about the risk conditions of insurance objects and then decide whether to accept insurance and determine premium rate, so as to maintain the payment balance. In modern society, the insurance objects are greatly diversified and complicated. Usually insurance applicants know best the condition of their insurance objects and can serve as the cheapest information providers, while it is costing and difficult for the insurers to make an investigation on them. As a result of information asymmetry, the insurance business relies on the faithful disclosure of the applicants. In many countries, the disclosure obligation is clearly stipulated as a basic legal system. However, with the development of science and technology and improvement of insurance management, the basis for initiation and existence of the present system of disclosure obligation has changed a lot, thus the applicants＇ disclosure obligation should be reduced, so as to realize a dynamic balance between the applicants and insurers, as well as insurers and risk objects.

关 键 词：保险告知义务 理论基础 制度架构 利益衡平 

分 类 号：D992.284[政治法律—国际法学]