三峡工程截流后长江口邻近海域的网采浮游植物群落结构特征  

Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Adjacent Waters of Yangtze River Estuary after Sluice of the Three Gorges Dam

作　　者：王俊[1] 陈瑞盛[1] 左涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄海水产研究所海洋可捕资源评估与生态系统实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2009年第2期80-87,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(30490233和40606037)资助;农业部黄渤海渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站资助

摘　　要：通过对2004年9月、2005年5月、2006年6月和2007年8月4个航次的长江口邻近海域浮游植物调查资料的分析,研究三峡工程截流后长江口邻近海域网采浮游植物的群落结构特征。结果显示,调查水域网采浮游植物共有2门36属93种(包括7个变种和6个不确定种),硅藻门的种类数量最多,有30属76种,占总种数的81.7%;甲藻门6属17种,占总种数的18.3%。其中,硅藻门以角毛藻属、圆筛藻属和根管藻属的种类最多,分别有23种、10种和10种;甲藻门以角藻属为主,共有10种,占甲藻总种数的58.8%。长江口邻近海域的浮游植物可分为河口半咸水和近岸低盐类群、外海高盐类群和海洋广布性种类等3个类群。浮游植物的丰度具有明显的季节变化,夏末(8月)和秋季(9月)浮游植物的数量明显高于春季(5月)和夏初(6月),而且硅藻类浮游植物的数量占绝对优势,达到浮游植物总量的95%以上。优势度分析显示中肋骨条藻、尖刺菱形藻、柔弱角毛藻和洛氏角毛藻是长江口邻近水域浮游植物的主要优势种,其中以中肋骨条藻和尖刺菱形藻为绝对优势种。浮游植物丰度的分布跟长江冲淡水有密切的关系,密集分布区主要分布在123.5°E以西近长江口海域,主要由优势种骨条藻等的分布决定。The phytoplankton communities in the adjacent waters of Yangtze River Estuary after sluice of the Three Gorges Dam was studied with the net-phytoplankton data from the survey in September,2004, May, 2005, June, 2006 and August,2007. A total of 93 species, enclosed 7 varied species and 6 unidentified species, were identified belonged to 2 phyla with 36 genera. Based on the ecological characteristics and the distribution, the phytoplankton can be divided into three groups. The species of Bacillariophyta （30 genera and 76 species） was absolutely predominant in the species composition. Only 6 genera and 17 species were Phrrhophyta. The seasonal variation of the phytoplankton abundance was significant with the higher abundance in Sep. , 2004 and Aug. , 2007 than that in May, 2005 and Jun. , 2006. It was also found that the dense area of phytoplankton was located at western of longitude 123.5 degree and close to the mouth of Yangtze River, which mainly lie on the dominant species abundance distribution. According to their dominance index, Skeletonema costatum , Nitzschia pungens , Thalassionema nitzschioides, Chaetoceros lorenzianus, Chaetoceros debilis , Chaetoseros affinis and Chaetoecros curvisetus were dominant species. Skeletonema coastatum and Nitzschia pungens were the most dominant specie in the this area.

关 键 词：三峡工程 长江口 浮游植物 群落结构 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]