穿盖弹射时人体头、膝部的冲击限值  

Human head and knee tolerance to impact produced by through the canopy ejection

作　　者：丛红[1,2] 柳松杨[1,2] 刘力 王秀增[1,2] 马力[1,2] 孙明照[1,2] 武伯歌[1,2] 邓学谦[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所 [2]北京市法医检验鉴定中心

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》1998年第1期12-15,共4页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨穿盖弹射对人体头部、膝部的损伤程度，以提出适宜的生理参数，供工程部门使用。方法用１７具头颅骨在摆锤式冲击台上进行动态冲击试验，在材料试验机上进行准静态压力试验，观察试验后颅骨骨折情况。在落锤式冲击台上进行８具膝部冲击实验。用假人进行地面弹射、火箭滑车实验，测试假人与舱盖碰撞的外力值。结果外力峰值不超过３．５ｋＮ或作用时间不超过３０ｍｓ时颅骨没有发生骨折。颅盖骨可承受６．９ｋＮ以下的缓慢均匀加压，颅底骨只可承受１．５ｋＮ。膝部承受８．０ｋＮ冲击力时无损伤发生。结论穿盖弹射时对人体主要的威胁是头部碰撞伤，颅盖骨承受的破坏力值比颅底骨大得多。破盖器工作时人体与舱盖碰撞的机率很小，且不易发生损伤。膝部可承受较大的穿盖力。Objective To explore the injury degree of human head induced by through the canopy ejection, and find out a proper physiological parameter for engineering use. Methods Dynamic impact tests with a pendulum type equipment and aquasi static compression tests using a material test machine were performed on 17 skulls and drop hammer impact tests on lower ends of 8 femora were carried out.A dummy was used for measuring the force produced during ground through canopy ejection and rocket trolley experiment. Results It was found that impact peak force lower than 3.5 kN or duration less than 30 ms did not result in fracture of skull.Calvarium can withstand slowly and well distributed acting force up to 6.9 kN, while the basis cranii can withstand 1.5 kN. The lower end of femora can withstand impact peak force up to 8 kN without fracture. Conclusion The head impact injury is the main hazard in through the canopy ejection. The force which calvarium can tolerate is much higher than that of basis cranii. If canopy piercer is used, through canopy ejection will not likely cause injury.

关 键 词：冲击性加速度 人体工程 穿盖弹射 颅骨骨折 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]