太湖地区直播稻田氮素的渗漏损失研究  

Research on the Loss of Nitrogen in Direct-seeding Rice Field in Taihu Lake Region

作　　者：程文[1] 李勇[1] 朱亮[1] 顾佳[1] 杨林章[2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098 [2]中科院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2009年第6期2620-2621,2717,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40601050);江苏省青蓝工程(2006)

摘　　要：[目的]研究直播稻田氮素的渗漏损失特点。[方法]在丹阳市典型的直播水稻田进行田间试验研究。[结果]整个稻季,土壤渗漏液中NO3^--N的浓度在0.07-14.77 mg/L变化,是氮素渗漏流失的主要形态,渗漏液中NH4^＋-N的含量普遍较低,基本低于1.0 mg/L,最高浓度2.41 mg/L,100 cm深处仍有一定浓度的NH4^＋-N存在。水稻生长前期渗漏液中TN和NO3--N的含量较高。整个稻季TN的流失负荷为11.77-35.63 kg/hm^2。硝态氮的流失负荷为5.85-25.78 kg/hm^2,占总流失量的50.12%-75.53%,占稻季总施氮量的7.96%-9.75%。[结论]稻田氮素的渗漏损失以NO3^--N为主,NO3^--N的浓度变化曲线随着水稻生长呈逐渐下降的趋势;控制氮肥的施用量能减少氮素的渗漏流失量,但是不会按施肥量减少的比例而减少。[ Objective ] The characteristics of the loss of nitrogen in the direct-seeding rice field was studied. [ Method ] The experiment was carried out in the typical direct-seeding rice field in Danyang city. [ Results] The amount of nitrogen loss in the field in rice season was 0.07 - 14.77 mg/L of NO3^- -N, which was the main form of nitrogen, and the form of NH4^＋ -N was generally low（ 〈 1. 0 mg/L and the maximum concentration = 2.41 mg/L）. There was a certain concentration of NH4^＋ -N in the underground soil of 100 cm. The amount of nitrogen loss in the field in early period of rice growth season mainly was TN and NO3 ^--N. The loss load of TN was 11.77 - 35.63 kg/hm^2 in rice season and NO3^- -N, 5.85 - 25.78 kg/hm^2, which was 50.12% - 75.53% of total loss, accounting for 7.96% - 9.75% of total application amount of nitrogen. [ Conclusion] The leakage loss of nitrogen in paddy fields mainly was the form of NO3 ^--N and the curve NO3^--N concentration showed a gradual downward trend with the riee growth. The leakage loss of nitrogen could be reduced under the control of n-fertilizer application, but it was not reduced according to the proportion of N-fertilizer application-reducing.

关 键 词：直播水稻 氮素 渗漏 流失负荷 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]