tRNA核质动态分布与细胞命运  

tRNA Nuclear-cytoplasmic Dynamics and Cell Fate

作　　者：李盛[1] 张嘉宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学生物化学教研室,大连116044

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2009年第3期265-268,共4页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30670466);辽宁省教育厅科研(2008S071)资助项目.~~

摘　　要：旺盛的细胞核、质间的物质运输(nuclear-cytoplasmic transport)是真核细胞代谢的基础.核质运输不仅将蛋白质运到目的地,还能通过在特定时间、地点结合靶分子,改变其在胞内的局部浓度,调控诸如有丝分裂等重要细胞活动.tRNA是细胞中最重要的大分子之一,合成于细胞核,在细胞质中参加蛋白质翻译.一直以来,学术界认为tRNA只是蛋白质合成的参与者,tRNA核质运输是tRNA跨越核膜进入细胞质是单向主动运输过程.然而,最近的研究成果在颠覆传统观念,tRNA不但能被转运出核,还能被逆向转运入核.2008年,新概念"tRNA核质动态分布"(tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics)被提出,取代tRNA核质运输,描述tRNA在细胞核、质间的流动.在酿酒酵母中tRNA核质动态分布可以调控蛋白质翻译,锁定细胞周期.此领域内的最新研究正在改变着教科书中有关tRNA的传统论断.The robust nuclear-cytoplasmic transport is vital for eukaryotes＇ life cycle. Not only proteins and RNAs are transferred to their destination by this system, the important cellular activities such as mitosis are also regulated by the transport pathways via adjusting the local concentrations of some critical cargoes, tRNA is one of the most important biomacromolecules in the cell, synthesized in nucleus, and taking part in protein synthesis in cytoplasm. It is a long-held belief that tRNA functions only as a key player in protein synthesis, and tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic transport is a unidirectional movement from nucleus to cytoplasm. However, the recent discoveries are overturning the traditional opinions. Nuclear-born tRNA can be exported out of nucleus, while cytoplasmic-residing tRNA can also be retrogradely transport into nucleus. The new concept tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics was coined in 2008 to describe the tRNA communication between nucleus and cytoplasm, which was found able to regulate protein synthesis and cell cycle in S. cerevisiae. The latest results in this field are going to change the landscape of eukaryotic tRNA biology.

关 键 词：tRNA核质动态分布 蛋白质合成调控 细胞周期 exportin-t 

分 类 号：Q2[生物学—细胞生物学] Q5