肉苁蓉雌雄配子体发育的研究  

Studies on development of male gametophyte and female gametophyte of Cistanche deserticola Ma

作　　者：马学平[1,2] 宋玉霞[1] 马洪爱[1] 郭生虎[1] 李苗[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农业生物技术重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《电子显微学报》2009年第1期74-81,共8页Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.30260008);宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(No.nz0522)~~

摘　　要：肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma)是一种沙生根寄生濒危药用植物。采用石蜡切片法,利用光镜观察,对肉苁蓉雌雄配子体发育进行了系统研究。结果表明:花药壁由5层细胞组成,分别为表皮、药室内壁、中层(2层)和绒毡层,绒毡层细胞起源具异型性,发育类型为腺质型。小孢子母细胞胞质分裂为同时型,四分体为四面体型,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型,部分败育。大孢子由单个孢原细胞直接发育为大孢子母细胞,大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线状四分体,珠孔端3个大孢子最后退化,且退化顺序不一,大部分胚囊中的大孢子从合点端第2个开始退化,合点端大孢子为功能大孢子并发育为单核胚囊,胚囊发育属蓼型。研究结果为肉苁蓉资源的保护提供细胞学依据。Cistanche deserticola Ma, a kind of root parasitic psammophyte, is an endangered rare Chinese traditional medicines plant living desert. The overall male gametophyte and female gametophyte were studied of Cistanche deserticola Ma with optical microscope and means of paraffin method. The main results can be concluded as follows： Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma was a hermaphrodite species; there were four anthers, a anther had four anther sac. The arehesporial cell developed to microspore mother cell or own functions of microspore mother cell. Meiosis of microspore mother cell was normal and cytokinesis was of simultaneous type, the tetrad was tetrahedron. In the course of development of male gametophyte, a part of microspore was abortion; the mature pollen was 2-celled. The development of the anther wall belonged to a dicotyledonous type, it consisted of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer （two layers） and tapetum. The tapetum was glandular tapetum of heteromorphism development of the gynoecium was normal, the ovary was solitary carpel and unilocutar, it was unitegmic, tenuinacellar and anarropous. The embryo sac originated from the single archesporial was firstly atrophied, the following was megaspore of chalazal end developed to functional megaspore, the development of embryo sac is of the Polygonum type. cell, Meiosis of the megaspore mother cell formed dyad, and developed to linean tetrad .3-megaspore of micropylar end gradually atrophied, the third megaspore of micropylar end. The result will provid cytology evidence for protecting resources of Cistanche deserticola.

关 键 词：肉苁蓉 雄配子体 雌配子体 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]