施氮量和耕作方式对杂交水稻黔南优2058根系特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer-N Application Rate and Tillage Patterns on Root Properties and Yield of Transplanted Hybrid Rice Qiannanyou 2058

作　　者：韩钢钢[1] 冯跃华[1] 赵田径[1] 董爱玲[1] 潘兴书[1] 宋碧[1] 樊卫国[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2009年第2期225-228,共4页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：贵州省"十一.五"科技攻关重大专项(黔科合NZ字(2005)3001);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字(2007)2069);贵州大学人才引进科研基金项目

摘　　要：以超级杂交稻黔南优2058为材料,在田间试验条件下,研究了不同施氮量和耕作方式对免耕移栽稻根系及产量形成的影响。结果表明,无论免耕或翻耕,在施氮量0-150kg/hm2的范围内,随着施氮量的增加,齐穗期根系总吸收表面积、活跃表面积和根比表面积逐渐增加,但在高氮水平和其它生育时期,变化规律不明显;随着氮肥用量的逐渐增加,水稻的有效穗数有增加趋势,水稻的结实率有减小趋势。在施氮量150-300kg/hm2的范围内,在免耕条件下,随着施氮量的增加,最高分蘖期和齐穗期的单蔸根干重逐渐降低,而成熟期的根系活力逐渐增加;在翻耕条件下,成熟期的根系活力随着施氮量的增加而逐渐降低。与翻耕移栽稻相比,免耕移栽稻的最高分蘖期和齐穗期单蔸根干重和根冠比、有效穗数、千粒重较低,而齐穗期和成熟期根系总表面积和比表面积及根系活力、结实率较高。免耕移栽稻平均产量达到9877.9 kg/hm2,比翻耕移栽稻低4.88%,但未达到5%的显著差异水平。The effects of different fertilizer-N application rate and tillage patterns on the root properties and Yield formation of transplanted hybrid rice Qiannanyou 2058 on the conditions of field experiment were studied. The results showed that whether no-tillage and transplanted rice （NTTR） or conventional tillage rice （CTTR）, with the application rate of fertilizer-N improved, the total root absorbing surface area, the root active absorbing surface area and root specific surface area of root increased gradually in the range of 0-150kg/hm2 N at heading stage, while the changing rule was not obvious at the high fertilizer-N rate level and other growth stages. As the application rate of fertilizer □ N increased, effective panicle increased, while seed setting rate decreased. On condition of NTTR, as the application of fertilizer-N improved, the root dry weight decreased at the maximum tilling stage and heading stage, while root oxidation ability increased at mature stage in the range of 150-300 kg/hm2 N. On condition of CTTR, root oxidation ability decreased with the application of fertilizer-N improved at mature stage in the range of 150-300 kg/hm2 N. Compared with CTTR, NTTR displayed lower root dry weight and root/shoot ratio at maximum stage and heading stage, lower effective panicle number and 1000-grain weigh, higher total root absorbing surface area and root specific surface area and root oxidation ability, higher seed setting rate. The average Yield of NTTR was reach to 9877.9 kg/hm2, deceased by 4.88% compared with CTTR, while the difference was not significant between NTTR and CTTR.

关 键 词：施氮量 耕作 杂交水稻 根系特性 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]