战争·生态·文学——以美国战争小说为例  

War·Ecology·Literature——Case Studies of American War Novels

作　　者：李公昭[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军外国语学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第2期19-23,共5页Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：人类的历史是一部战争的历史。战争的历史是一部人类与文明的灾难史。随着冷兵器时代到热核兵器时代的发展,战争对人类造成的灾难越来越大。20世纪更是人类有史以来最残忍的世纪。这是一个战争不断的世纪。战争所造成的,或者与战争有关的死亡总人数约为1.87亿。仅第二次世界大战后的37年里,世界上就爆发了470多起局部战争。战争的手段也从常规武器发展到核武器、生化武器。这种大规模杀伤性武器的使用,不仅迅速杀死大量人员,还严重破坏了人类赖以生存的生态环境,加剧与加速了生态环境的恶化,成为最大的环境污染和生态灾难源。在美国战争小说中,战争对生态的破坏也成为许多美国战争小说家关注的对象。从多克特罗、薇拉.凯瑟、冯尼格特等作家的战争描写中,我们看到战争如何制造了一个又一个的生态灾难。The human history is one of wars, and the history of wars is a history of catastrophe to humans and human civilization. As cold arms developed into hot and nuclear arms, wars cause greater catastrophes to the mankind. 20th century is the cruelest century in the human history in terms of war, because this century witnessed the biggest massacres of the world with a total casualty of 187 million. Within 37 years after WWII, there broke out 470 regional wars. The means of war developed from conventional to nuclear and biochemical weapons. The use of such weapons of mass destruction not only kill masses of people rapidly, but also seriously damage and destroy the ecological environment upon which all lives depend for living. It also accelerates the deterioration of ecological environment and becomes the biggest source of environmental pollution and destruction. The ecological destruction by war has also become the subject of many American war novelists. From the war novels of such novelists as E. L. Doctorow, Willa Cather, Kurt Vonnegut, we see how war has created one ecological disaster after another.

关 键 词：战争 生态 文学 美国战争小说 

分 类 号：I712[文学—其他各国文学]