国外电子废弃物再生资源化运作体系及对我国的启示  

Comparison of Overseas E-waste Recycling Systems and Their Enlightment to China

作　　者：张科静[1] 魏珊珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学管理学院,上海200051

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2009年第2期109-115,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：上海市科委资助项目"资源再生产业智能决策支持系统研究"。(项目编号:06PJ14003);德国学术交流中心(DAAD)资助

摘　　要：电子废弃物再生资源化是全球应对资源危机、环境污染和可持续性发展的重大课题之一。本文分析了四种典型的基于生产商延伸责任制(EPR)的电子废弃物再生资源化运作体系(即德国、瑞士、日本和荷兰)。分析侧重于体系的三个核心内容:政策法规、经济保证机制和利益相关者协调关系。根据运作体系的物流、资金流责任承担方式(集体或独立承担模式)和竞争程度(协作或竞争模式)分析比较各种电子废弃物回收处理模式的特点、优势和不足。国外再生资源化体系完善的法规、经济制度值得我国借鉴。但上述体系主要面向回收重量,缺乏环境影响评估和对环保设计的激励。这也是我国电子废弃物回收处理体系的关键问题。本文提出了一些可行的建议,为建立我国基于生态效益的、经济可行且环境友好的电子废弃物回收处理体系提供决策支持。E-waste recycling is one of the main issues that face the challenges of resource shortages, environmental pollution and sustainable development. This paper analyzes four typical EPR-based （Extended Producer Responsibility） e-waste take-back and recycling systems, from Germany, Switzerland, Japan, and Netherlands. The analysis covers three main features： regulations, economic incentives mechanism, and coordination of stakeholders. The information flow, material flow and financial flow are examined. According to degree of competition, the way of responsibility sharing, different modes of systems are analyzed and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of different modes are presented. The regulations and financial mechanism of the above systems could be reference to China. However, the systems are based on the recovered weight, lacking the environmental impact assessment and incentives for eco-design, which are key challenges for the e-waste recycling policy of China. Suggestions are made for the establishment of environmentally friendly and economically viable e-waste recycling network.

关 键 词：生产商延伸责任制 电子垃圾 再生资源化系统 生态效益 

分 类 号：X76[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X799.3