诸暨养殖池塘内水环境、三角帆蚌生长与珍珠产量  

Water Quality,Growth and Pearl Production of Freshwater Pearl Mussel,Hyriopsis cumingii in commercial ponds located in Zhuji

作　　者：王岩[1] 谢宁峡[1] 林青霞[1] 高吉华[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310029

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2009年第1期68-71,共4页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：浙江省技术难题招标项目(40071074)

摘　　要：2006．06．03-11．08研究了浙江省诸暨市3口蚌养殖池塘内的水温、透明度（SD）、溶氧（DO）、pH等理化因子以及三角帆蚌（Hyriopsis cumingii）生长和珍珠产量。结果显示：实验期间池塘内水温平均为28℃，透明度为24—31cm，pH为8．5～8．8，DO为6．6～7．8mg／L，盐度为0．1，Ca^2＋含量为19．4～37．0mg／L，总硬度为64．0～123．3mg CaCO3／L，总碱度为58．4～109．4mg CaCO3／L，TN为0．76～1．12mg／L，TP为0．14～0．33mg／L，TN／TP为4～8，CODMn为9．99～15．5mg／L。经过158d牛长，池塘内育无核珠或有核珠的3龄蚌蚌壳长增加0．16～0．94cm，蚌重增加21～61g；育无核珠的5龄蚌蚌壳长增加0．1～0．25cm，蚌重增加27～76g。蚌壳和蚌重生长速度受蚌龄影响，蚌重生长速度的变化幅度在件比蚌壳大。育无核珠的3龄蚌和5龄蚌内珍珠增重分别为每蚌2．03～2．87g和3．52～5．23g。3龄蚌蚌壳长和蚌直生长比5龄蚌快，但珍珠产量低于后者，表明三角帆蚌珍珠产量与其蚌壳和蚌雨生长速度并不完全一致。A field experiment was carried out to evaluate water quality [ water temperature, secchi depth（ SD）, dissolve oxygen（DO）, pH, salinity, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, K^＋ ＋ Na^＋, SO4^2- , Cl^-, CO3^2-, HCO3^-, alkalinity, hardness, total nitrogen（TN）, total phosphorus（TP）and chemical oxygen demand（ CODMn） ], growth and pearl production of freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii in three commercial ponds located in Zhuji, Zhejiang, China. The experiment lasted from June to November, 2006, during which mean value of water temperature was 28 ℃ , SD 24 - 31 cm, pH 8. 5 - 8.8, DO 6. 6 - 7.8 mg/L, salinity 0. 1 ppt, Ca^2＋ 19.4 - 37.0 mg/L, hardness 64.0 - 123.3 mg CaCO3/L, alkalinity 58.4 -109.4 mg CaCO3/L, TN 0. 76 - 1.12 mg/L, TP 0. 14 - 0. 33 mg/L, TN/TP 4 - 8, and CODMn, 9. 99 - 15.5 mg/L. During the experiment, shell length increased 0. 16 -0.94 cm, and whole weight gain 21 - 61 g for the three years old mussel（ for producing pearl with or without core） , and shell length increased 0. 1 - 0. 25 cm, and whole weight gain 27 - 76 g for the five years old mussel（for producing pearl without core）. Pearl productions were 2.03 -2.87 g ind^-1 and 3.52 5.23 g ind^-1 for the three years old anti five years old mussel for producing pearl without core. The three years old mussel grew faster in shell length amt whole weight, but had lower pearl production than that of the five years old mussel. Our results indicated that growth rate in shell size and whole weight of H. cumingii depended on age of the mussel and environment condition in the ponds, and whole weight is more sensitive in response to environmental change. Growth rate in shell size and whole weight of H. cumingii are not always consistent with that of pearl excretion.

关 键 词：三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii) 池塘 水化学 珍珠产量 

分 类 号：S966.23[农业科学—水产养殖] S966.24[农业科学—水产科学]