有压管道的非恒定摩阻模型  

Transient friction models in pressurized pipes

作　　者：江春波[1] 焦云乔[1] 李丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系,水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第3期346-350,共5页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家“九七三”重点基础研究项目(2006CB403304);国家自然科学基金资助项目(90610028,50539070)

摘　　要：在有压管道水击计算中,传统准恒定摩阻模型不能准确描述快速瞬变流动过渡过程。该文介绍在快速瞬变流数值模拟中应用最为广泛的两类非恒定摩阻模型:物理理论基础模型和准恒定流经验修正模型,前者以引入历史速度权函数为特点,后者考虑非恒定流加速度对摩阻项的影响。该文比较了两类非恒定摩阻模型的优缺点、适用范围以及研究发展方向和待解决问题等,得出的结论是物理理论基础模型对于快速瞬变层流过渡过程有较好的应用性;经验修正模型则适用于高R e紊流快速瞬变过渡过程。Quasi-steady analysis of friction losses in pipe flow cannot accurately predict the losses for transient flow sceneries; therefore, transient flow friction models were developed to predict hydraulic transients with unsteady hydraulic resistances. This article introduces unsteady friction models that base the extra friction losses on the history of the weighted accelerations during the transient phenomena or on the instantaneous flow acceleration with a second group of models that assume that the wall shear stress due to the flow variations is proportional to the flow acceleration. The comparison shows that the results with the weighted acceleration model agrees better with experimental data in the laminar flow, while the wall shear stress model agrees better with experimental data in the high Re flow.

关 键 词：非恒定摩阻模型 瞬变流 水力过渡 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]