民国前期长江三角洲农村高利贷问题与土地的流转  

The problem of usury and the fluxion of the field in the Yangtse Rive Delta during the prophase of Republic of China

作　　者：郭爱民[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《安徽史学》2009年第2期31-39,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：民国前期,长江三角洲绝大多数农家的年净余率为零或负数,旧式金融机构已经衰败、新式金融机构尚处襁褓,农村金融枯竭,农民信用缺失,高利贷肆虐其间,占农村借贷额的70%左右。不愿变卖田地的农家,只能以土地为抵押,举借高利贷,没有失去土地,却向着变卖土地迈出了可怕一步。借贷用于生产投资的些微,利率的高昂,使举债农家还上抵押贷款的可能性极小,为了生存,以抵押为基础,将田地进一步活卖给高利贷者,在一定期限内失去了产权。田赋之外的捐税、借款的消费倾向、高额利率,使农家无力赎回活卖的土地,不得不进一步绝卖,最终失去了土地产权。大致0.51%的土地流转率,单向度的土地流动,说明民国前期长江三角洲土地商品化程度不高,仍处在前市场阶段。During the prophase of Republic of China, the surplus rate of most farmers was zero or negative, the old organizations of finance had was declined, the new ones was just born and the finance was drying up in the countryside of the Yangtse Rive Delta, which made usury prevail and occupy about 70 percent of loan in countryside. The farmer, who will not sell his field, had to raise a mortgage on his field from the usurer, which was the first step to lose his field. Much of the loan was not spent on consumption and the interest was very high, which made the farmer impossible to pay back the loan of mortgage. In order to make a life, the former field had to be impawned to the usurer and the farmer lost the property of such field for a limited period. The additional tax of the impawned field, the consuming incline of the loan and the high of the interest made farmer have to sell such field to the usurer. Fluxion rate of the field is about 0.51% and its flow is unitateralism, which showed that the character of the trade of the field was pre-market.

关 键 词：民国前期 长江三角洲 高利贷 土地流转 

分 类 号：K295[历史地理—历史学]