侧颅底重要骨性标志及其间距的观测  

Observation and measurement on the important bone marks of the lateral cranial base and their distances

作　　者：李开荣[1] 涂江义[1] 

机构地区：[1]泸州医学院解剖学教研室,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《四川医学》2009年第3期318-320,共3页Sichuan Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的为颅后窝及后侧颅底手术提供解剖学数据。方法观察100例成人整颅及20例成人颅底标本颈静脉孔的位置、外形、分部及通过结构;测量各颅乳突点、星点、茎突同各重要骨性结构或标志点间、星点同颅后窝各重要骨性结构或标志点间的直线距离、各孔、管彼此间的距离、茎突及星点同各骨性结构、标志点连接与头颅正中矢状面的夹角。结果颈静脉孔在多数人(73.33%)分为两部,分别有舌咽神经与颈内静脉、迷走神经、副神经通过,它们的病变均可造成该孔的扩大;星点等标志点构成的特定三角区与各点间的距离及其连线同正中矢状面的夹角有助于正确估计横窦与乙状窦的位置与术中保护,也有利于对Ⅴ～Ⅻ对脑神经及重要血管尤其是颈内动、静脉的定位与保护;颈静脉孔茎乳孔距6mm,颈静脉孔区手术时应注意保护面神经颅外段。结论侧颅底各标志点间距及各孔、管彼此间距离测量可为颅后窝及后侧颅底手术提供重要参考,有利于术中对该区的神经血管的定位与保护。Objective To supply anatomic reference for operation on the posterior cranial fossa and on the posterior-lateral cranial base. Methods The location, shape, partition and passing structures of the jugular foramen on 100 adult skulls and 20 samples of cranial base were observed; the distaces between mastoideale, asterion and styloid process and the important bone structures or identification markers on the surface of the skull, the distances between each foramen and those between each canal, the angles between the straight lines from styloid process to bone structures or identification markers and the median sagittal plane, the distances between asterion and important bone structures or identification markers and the angles between the straight lines and median sagittal plane were measured. Results Jugular foramen is formed by two parts, which are the paths of glossopharyngeal nerve and internal jugular vein, vagus nerve and accessory nerve, respectively, and the enlargement of it caused by schwannoma or tumor metastasis or vascular malformation should be identified. The triangular area that is formed by identification markers including asterion, the distances between those points and the angles between the straight lines and median sagittal plane help to the positioning and protecting of transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus as well as cranial nerve Ⅴ-Ⅻ and impotant vessels especially internal carotid artery and jugular vein. The dislance between jugular foramen and mastoid foramen is only 6mm, the outer part of facial nerve should be recognized and protected during operation at jugular foramen area. Conclusion The distances between each identification markers on the surface of the lateral cranial base and the distances between each foramen and those between each canal may supply important reference for the operation on the posterior cranial fossa and posterior-lateral cranial base, help to the positioning and protecting nervesand vessels on theose area.

关 键 词：侧颅底 颅底 颅 颅骨测量 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]