静态资源关系观及其批判  

Static Resources Relationship Theories and Their Criticism

作　　者：王海滨[1] 李彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际问题研究所

出　　处：《当代亚太》2009年第1期147-160,共14页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

摘　　要：最近几十年里,关于人类资源关系的辩论越来越激烈。学者们大致形成了两个对立的流派。资源悲观主义认为,人类资源关系是零和的,一个人群消耗的资源增加了,其他群体可能得到的资源就会减少。因此,随着资源越来越匮乏,人类资源冲突会愈演愈烈。资源乐观主义认为,人类资源关系是非零和的,资源冲突能够避免。悲观主义和乐观主义尽管尖锐对立,但有共同缺陷——都是静态理论,对资源关系的解释力有限。对此,本文提出了动态的资源关系理论,能够更好地解释人类资源关系。In recent decades, the debate over the relationship between resources and humankind has become increasingly contentious. Among partici- pating scholars, two opposing schools have emerged. Resource pessimists maintain that natural resources are inherently limited and resource relations among humans are zero--sum games： one gains at the loss of another. For this reason, this group claims that resource scarcity heightens resource competitions, and incites conflicts and wars. Meanwhile, resource optimists argue from the other side of the coin. They claim that the resource relationship between humans is not zero--sum, and there are, in reality, far fewer resource conflicts than pessimists have claimed. To the optimists, natural resources are unlimited in supply. In times of pressing needs, humankind will naturally devote efforts at improving resource utilization, as well as to discover substitute resources. Despite their prevalence, these two resource theories share a common shortcoming： both are static theories, both fail to take fully into account the role of human beings in resource management, and assume that the relationships between human groups have no effect on the replaceability or irreplaceability of natural resources. This paper suggests using a dynamic resource relationship theory to better explains resource relations.

关 键 词：资源悲观主义 资源乐观主义 动态理论 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]